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State-of-the-Art and Future Trends
Published in Dobrivoje Popovic, Vijay P. Bhatkar, Distributed Computer Control for Industrial Automation, 2017
Dobrivoje Popovic, Vijay P. Bhatkar
A recent market survey of programmable controllers reveals (Table 9.2-1) an obvious trend towards advanced software options like high level programming languages, off-line diagnostic programs and documentation tagging packages. Some of the controllers already include PLM or other computer languages like BASIC, Pascal, or Language C, so that more data analysis, statistical data processing, and other mathematical functions can easily be implemented and processed, frequently through the use of a co-processor. Meanwhile, for closed-loop process control specific PID control software has been introduced for easy control loop configuration via the relevant functional block, or fill-in-the-blank menus. The advantage of programming in terms of ladder logic diagrams, with both transparency and long familiarity of designers with this art of programming, has made it attractive to extend BASIC to directly handle the logic problems, for example to integrate the analog and digital control functions. As a result, even multi-loop controller can be programmed, along with the logic control functions.
Instruments for Data Acquisition
Published in Felix Alberto Farret, Marcelo Godoy Simões, Danilo Iglesias Brandão, Electronic Instrumentation for Distributed Generation and Power Processes, 2017
Felix Alberto Farret, Marcelo Godoy Simões, Danilo Iglesias Brandão
Based on the IEC 61131-3 programming industrial automation systems, five standard programming languages have emerged for PLC control instructions: ladder diagram logic, function logic diagram, sequential function chart, structure text, and instruction list. Among these languages, the ladder diagram programming is the most commonly used. The ladder programming language originated from the ladder logic, and it is based on electrical circuit diagrams of relay logic and is used from simple binary functions to complex mathematical expressions. It is usually applied to the continuous or parallel execution of multiple nonsequential operations, or processes requiring interlock.
Discrete Event Control of Manufacturing Systems
Published in Osita D. I. Nwokah, Yildirim Hurmuzlu, The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook, 2017
D.M. Tilbury, P.P. Khargonekar
A sample ladder logic program is shown in Figure 3.5. The main elements of ladder logic are normally open contacts, normally closed contacts, and output coils. The relay contacts switch from open to closed or vice versa if the corresponding input terminal or memory location contains a “high” voltage or a “1.” Each rung of the ladder implements a simple “if/then” statement. If all of the relays in a rung are closed, then the output coil will be activated. In many implementations of ladder logic, an animated display can tell the programmer or operator which signals are high and which rungs are active, allowing for efficient low-level debugging.
Design of a smart control system for the management of sustainable energy supplies in remote areas: A case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Ahmed KASAPBAŞI, Hüseyin CANBOLAT
PLC program package is software for solving the controlling system problems using an automation tool. This programming package is basic for running a PLC. The program consists of the operating system and the user program. The operating system is fixed and unchangeable, but the user program is alterable. The PLC programs package uses different programming languages such as Ladder (LAD), Statement List (STL), Instructions Lists (ILs), Function Block Diagram (FBD), and Sequential functions charts (SFC) language. In this study, the PLC is programmed utilizing a Ladder language. The user interface of a PLC simulator enables the operator to run and test the programs offline without the need to use additional hardware (Bolton 2006; Xiong et al. 2021).