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The Electrical System Audit
Published in Albert Thumann, Terry Niehus, William J. Younger, Handbook of Energy Audits, 2020
Albert Thumann, Terry Niehus, William J. Younger
In the last few years, white LEDs have become commercially available in sizes that make them useful for typical incandescent lamp and CFL replacements. Today these white LEDs can easily replace 60 and 75 watt incandescent lamps. Also, several companies are making fluorescent tubes with LEDs in them so that a standard fluorescent tube can be replaced easily with an LED tube of the same size and length. The LED lamps have a potentially long lifetime of about 50,000 hours if they have heat dissipating designs which include some form of heat sinks. Heavy metal ceramic shells, strips of metal, metal plates, liquid cooling, heat pipes, or other devices accomplish this function. Without something of this nature, the LED is going to overheat and fail at an early age. Several LED lighting suppliers are now providing unconditional five-year guarantees for their LED lamps. This is a 43,800-hour guarantee, which is short of 50,000 hours, but not too bad. With this guarantee, you can perform your life cycle cost analysis with this lifetime assured. Just make sure you buy your lamps from a reputable dealer who you think will be around for the next five years.
Potentials and marginal abatement cost curves
Published in Kornelis Blok, Evert Nieuwlaar, Introduction to Energy Analysis, 2020
Kornelis Blok, Evert Nieuwlaar
So far, only traditional lamps (incandescent and halogen lamps) are used in the country. Electricity can be saved through the use of LED lamps. Assume that all traditional lamps consume 40 W and replacement LED lamps use 5 W. The cost of a LED lamp is €5. The LED lamp has a lifetime of 10,000 hours (hours in use). Neglect the avoided costs of the traditional lamp. The price of electricity is €0.15/kWh. In the calculations, use a social discount rate of 5 per cent per year.Determine the technical and economic potential for electricity saving by efficient lighting (compared to a frozen-efficiency baseline). Use a realistic level for the lifetime of the light bulbs.Construct a marginal abatement cost curve for CO2 emission mitigation by energy-efficient lighting (assume that per kWh saved 0.50 kg CO2 emission is avoided).
Introduction
Published in M. Nisa Khan, Understanding LED Illumination, 2013
Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps operate based on electroluminescence in semiconductor materials. LED technologies have undergone many years of industrial and academic developments in various fields including display and communications. LED lamps are now available in limited quantities for general illumination, primarily targeting replacement of 40 and 60 W incandescent lamps [14]. Because lamp prices are still steep and the technology continues to develop, with both cost and quality improvements changing in favor of consumers, end users have been reluctant to choose them for long-term use. Since LED lighting is the subject of this book, we will explore details about this technology throughout all the chapters. Figure 1.7 shows several retail LED lamps with the standard Edison base that is used in most fixtures.
Concurrent Solar-Illumination and Power Line Voice Communication for Indian Underground Coal Mines – An Experimental Study
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
R. N. Raul, T. Maity, S. Palit
The conventional lamps may be replaced with modern LED lamps with suitable lumen capacities operating on LVDC (24 V DC) system powered by solar PV systems. LED lamps have some important advantages over the existing lighting systems such as energy efficiency, free from conversion losses, lower power consumption, less heat generation, greater life span, almost maintenance free, and being easily expandable [24]. Additionally, this LVDC system needs no shut down during disaster as its voltage is within the allowable intrinsically safe voltage level of 30 V [25]. Further, the use of such low voltage eliminates the statutory requirement of flame-proofing. In underground coal mines, the load due to lighting is 1–3% of the total load requirement [26]. As the lighting system in underground mines is in operation round the clock, the efficient use of low-powered LED lamps is bound to result in cost and energy savings at a considerable level.
Quantitative analysis of sustainable housing energy systems based on Estidama pearl rating system
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2018
Abdalla Mahmoud Salim, Saleh Abu Dabous
The light emitting diode (LED) system is used in the Two Pearls rated villa. This system achieved the required additional points of Two Pearls rating based on Estidama Pearl Villa Rating System. The total power consumption for the LED model is 911.5 W. The expected life span for the fixture product is 50 years, where there will be no need to replace the fixtures over the whole villa life span. For the LED lamp, the life span is around 17 years (50,000 hr). This option has the highest initial cost and the lowest operating cost. Over the villa life span, the LED system is considering as the best option in terms of the total energy consumption and general product performance. Table 4 shows the design details, products description, and financial analysis for the three lighting systems.
Supraharmonics reduction in LED drivers via random pulse-position modulation
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2018
Joaquin Garrido-Zafra, Antonio Moreno-Munoz, Aurora Gil-De-Castro, Manuel A. Ortiz-López, Tomás Morales
Worldwide present urbanisation patterns have impelled the need for lighting sources, which has derived in a greater demand for electricity. Lighting is responsible for approximately 20% of the global electricity consumption and about 6% of greenhouse gas emissions (Waide, Tanishima, & Harrington, 2006). In the quest for energy efficiency, the light-emitting diode or LED light has entailed an energy revolution, involving energy savings of up to 80% compared to incandescent lamps (‘How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents | Department of Energy,’ n.d.). The shift to LED light is transforming the lighting industry, which has seen a faster than expected drop-off in the price of this disruptive technology. An LED is a two-layer semiconductor light source. LED lighting not only delivers high efficiency but also high level of brightness, long lifespan and high reliability. Consequently, LED lamps are employed nowadays in most of the applications: indoor and outdoor, such as street lights or parking garage lighting. The EU’s decision to finally phase out sales of incandescent lamps by 2012 and similar actions in countries such as China, Russia and Brazil are all leading to a sharp increase of power electronic converters (PEC) needed for this lighting technology. Market forecasts estimate extraordinary and continuous growth of LED market throughout present decade, with LED becoming the dominant lighting technology in terms of total number of installed units, with a share reaching almost 70% of the global lighting market in 2020 (Baumgartner et al., 2012).