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Organization and Management of a Laser Safety Program
Published in Kenneth L. Miller, of Radiation Protection Programs, 2020
Three uses of interlocks are considered: key switch, protective housing, and door. Both key switch and protective housing interlocks are requirements on lasers sold commercially. Note: Lasers manufactured in countries outside the United States may not have the same safety design.31 Door interlocks are required where personnel will not be called upon to enter or leave the laser area during the procedure. However, in a surgical setting, interlocks may be impractical and could cause harm to a patient if the procedure is interrupted. Protective curtains placed just inside the door may be an alternative in surgical situations.38 Door interlocks can also, if not overridden, assure safety to individuals in an adjacent hallway or room.
Detection of optical radiation
Published in John P. Dakin, Robert G. W. Brown, Handbook of Optoelectronics, 2017
Antoni Rogalski, Zbigniew Bielecki, Janusz Mikolajczyk
The detection system consists of a signal source, detector–preamplifier system, switch, integrator, and a control system. The control system includes a clock, delay circuit, and a multivibrator. Pulses from the clock generator are used to drive simultaneously an optical signal source and a delay circuit in the signal processor. The output signal from the delay circuit triggers the multivibrator, which in turn closes a switch. The switch on time of the key switch depends on the pulse duration of the multivibrator. A semiconductor laser (LD) or electroluminescent diode (LED) is usually used as the optical source.
Engine systems
Published in Tom Denton, Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis, 2020
Figure 6.88 shows the circuit associated with operating this type of pre-engaged starter. The basic operation of the pre-engaged starter is as follows. When the key switch is operated, a supply is made to terminal 50 on the solenoid. This causes two windings to be energised, the hold-on winding and the pull-in winding. Note that the pull-in winding is of very low resistance and hence a high current flows. This winding is connected in series with the motor circuit and the current flowing will allow the motor to rotate slowly to facilitate engagement.
User-Defined Gestures for Mid-Air Interaction: A Comparison of Upper Limb Muscle Activity, Wrist Kinematics, and Subjective Preference
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Jinghua Huang, Mengyao Qi, Lujin Mao, Ming An, Tiancheng Ji, Runze Han
As was as cited in Asakawa et al. (2019), “tap, pinch, and stretch would be accomplished with more motion from the wrist as compared to the elbow or shoulder in touchscreen interaction.” Dennerlein et al. (2007) ever proved that wrist movements were the most significant contributor rather than elbow or shoulder during key switch tapping. In our study, all mid-air gestures affiliated to the Joint movement and Finger number categories were mainly executed with the wrist so that wrist kinematics of those gestures were compared and analyzed in terms of these two categories.