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Grounding/Earthing and Bonding
Published in Richard Cadena, Electricity for the Entertainment Electrician & Technician, 2021
An isolated ground system minimizes the electrical noise in the isolated system, and provides “clean power” for audio, video, or other equipment. Such a system is built by using an isolation transformer to power part of an electrical system. Since a transformer is a separately derived system, there is no electrical connection between the input (primary side) of the transformer and the output (secondary side) of the transformer, and noise that appears on both the phase conductor and the neutral conductor relative to ground (common-mode noise) is not passed along. Since it is a separately derived system, the grounding connection has to be reestablished.
Wiring and Grounding for Power Quality
Published in Leonard L. Grigsby, and Distribution: The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, 2018
Additional ground rods are another common problem in grounding systems. Ground rods for a facility or building should be part of the grounding system. The ground rods should be connected where all the building grounding electrodes are bonded together. Isolated grounds can be used as described in the NEC’s Isolated Ground section, but should not be confused with isolated ground rods, which are not permitted.
Power Quality
Published in R. Sastry Vedam, Mulukutla S. Sarma, Power Quality, 2017
R. Sastry Vedam, Mulukutla S. Sarma
The noise performance of the supply to sensitive loads can sometimes be improved by providing an isolated ground to the load. This is done using isolated ground receptacles, which are orange in color. If an isolated ground receptacle is used downline from the panel board, the isolated conductor is not connected to the conduit or enclosure in the panel board.
Effects of Uncertain Soil Parameters on Seismic Responses of Fixed Base and Base-Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2023
Hitesh Kumar, Sandip Kumar Saha
Effect of SSI on the peak seismic response quantities of ground-supported liquid storage tank is reported in several studies (Larkin 2008; Meng et al. 2019; Ormeño, Larkin, and Chouw 2019; Seeber, Fischer, and Rammerstorfer 1990; Veletsos and Tang 1990). Haroun and Ellaithy (1985) investigated flexible tanks under rocking and horizontal excitation and proposed parameters for the lumped mass model of the tank. Later, Haroun and Abou-Izzeddine (1992) used a similar model for flexible tank and reported that the slenderness ratio of tank and shear wave velocity of soil influences the seismic response of the tank structure. Cho et al. (2004) investigated the base-isolated tanks considering SSI and reported that the seismic responses of base-isolated tanks may increase according to the soil stiffness. Larkin (2008) reported that the SSI can amplify the seismic responses of liquid storage tanks, contrary to the general assumption that it only reduces the base reaction. Thus, it is crucial to consider the effects of SSI while investigating the seismic responses of fixed base and base-isolated ground-supported tanks.
Vibronic mass computation for the EF–GK–H 1Σg + manifold of molecular hydrogen
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
A variational approach has been reported for the computation of the non-adiabatic mass correction matrix that includes a sum-over-states expression. The approach can be used for isolated ground or electronically excited states, as well as for coupled electronic subspaces. Initial results have been reported about the vibronic mass correction for the EF–GK–H–S5–S6 manifold and the effect of the mass-correction term on the vibronic energies. For a direct comparison with experiment, it is necessary to account for the relativistic and leading-order QED corrections, for which the computation of the Bethe logarithm is in progress [41]. In future work, it will be necessary to (a) compute more precise coupling matrix elements, (b) compute the mass correction values at more points, and (c) possibly couple more electronic states. At the same time, the high density of electronic states beyond the state (Figure 4) may require further development of the theory.
Compact 4-Port Wideband MIMO Antenna with Connected Ground, High Diversity Performance and Dual-Notched Filters
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Tathababu Addepalli, M. Satish Kumar, V. Siva Nagaraju, Manish Sharma, Prabhakara Rao Kapula
Table 3 shows the comparison of the proposed four-port MIMO antenna with recent state-of-the-art research articles. The proposed MIMO utilizes the commonly connected ground and cross-shaped parasitic patch which enhances the isolation and hence, high diversity performance is achieved which can be noted in Table 3. Due to the wider impedance bandwidth, the proposed MIMO antenna finds applications in UWB and X-Band with ease of integration in MMICs circuits. Table 3 also compares the proposed commonly connected ground with other published work. It is necessary to have a common ground rather than isolated ground in MIMO antenna configuration so that all the signal levels within the system can be interpreted properly based on that reference level.