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How Does 3D Printing Work?
Published in Rafiq Noorani, 3D Printing, 2017
IGES is a common format to exchange graphics information between various CAD systems. It was initially developed and promoted by the then American National Standards Institute in 1981. The IGES file can precisely represent both geometry and topological information for a CAD model, thus making it more accurate than the STL file format. An IGES file contains information about surface modeling, constructive solid geometry, and boundary representation (B-rep). It can precisely represent a CAD model by providing entities of points, lines, arcs, and splines as well as surface and solid elements. The primary advantage of IGES format is its widespread adoption and comprehensive coverage. However, there are some disadvantages associated with the IGES format as it relates to its use as a 3D printing format as it includes redundant information for 3D printing systems, its algorithms for slicing are far more complex than STL files, and the support structures cannot be created in IGES formats. IGES is a very good interface standard for exchanging information between various CAD systems. It does, however, fall short of meeting the standards for 3D printing systems.
The BEMS central station
Published in G.J. Levermore, Building Energy Management Systems, 2013
The original interface standard for sending information to printers was the Centronics standard, based on one of the first printers made by Centronics Data Computer Corporation. A common Centronics connection to the printer has 36 edge-connecting pins and the male connector is held in place by two clips on the edge of the female connector. Improved versions of the parallel port are the enhanced parallel port (EPP) and the extended capabilities port (ECP); they can transmit data at around 10 Mbps (megabits per second), suitable for connection to PC networks.
Tools for Chip- Package Codesign
Published in Louis Scheffer, Luciano Lavagno, Grant Martin, EDA for IC Implementation, Circuit Design, and Process Technology, 2018
Chip-package codesign refers to design scenarios in which the design of the chip impacts the package design or vice versa. Computer aided tools are needed for codesign in situations where simple bookkeeping is insufficient. The most classical and most used chip-package codesign tool is the I/O buffer interface standard (IBIS) macromodeling tools for conversion of integrated circuit (IC) I/O buffer information into a format suited for rapid cosimulation. Tool issues of IBIS will be discussed toward the end of this chapter.
Semantic rules for capability matchmaking in the context of manufacturing system design and reconfiguration
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2023
Eeva Järvenpää, Niko Siltala, Otto Hylli, Hasse Nylund, Minna Lanz
Another input needed by the matchmaking system is the description of the resources included in the matchmaking search space (i.e. the resource pool). This is illustrated with the resource pool and blue arrow in Figure 8. Figure 11 represents the example capability and interface information of a few sample resources included in the sample resource pool. The interface information contains the interface standard, interface gender, and interface parameters with associated values. The interfaces must be compatible to allow for a connection. For example, IF2 of UR10 and IF1 of FingerGripper are connectable: they follow the same standard (Schunk_SWS), and their parameters are the same. Interface gender is the opposite (M)ale and (F)emale, so these interfaces are connectable. Thus, these resources are connectable. Interface concept and matchmaking are discussed in more detail in (Siltala, Järvenpää, and Lanz 2019b; Järvenpää et al. 2019a; Siltala, Järvenpää, and Lanz 2021).
Digital measurement twin for CMM inspection based on step-NC
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2021
Slavenko M. Stojadinovic, Sasa Zivanovic, Nikola Slavkovic, Numan M. Durakbasa
Hardwick, (n.d.) describes the STEP-NC Dynamic Link Library (DLL) as a data pipe for the assembly of data from design, process planning, machining and inspection to enable collaboration for technical product data by integrating the information required for CAD/CAM/CNC and CMM applications. Applications based on DLL include just-in-time simulation and verification, integrated machining and inspection, five-axis cutter compensation, and supply chain traceability (Hardwick, n.d.). Zhao, Xu, and Xie (2008) proposes a STEP-NC data model for on-line inspections and framework of STEP-NC enabled closed-loop machining (CLM). The main problems in this type of CLM systems is related to time, compatibility and data modelling. ‘Geometrical information about the part being machined and inspected is not preserved’ (Zhao, Xu, and Xie 2008, 201) and currently, ‘no CMM is capable of interpreting STEP-NC information’ (202), so that STEP-NC inspection data had to be converted into suitable format using, for example, Dimensional Measuring Interface Standard (DMIS) and Dimensional Markup Language (DML) (Zhao, Xu, and Xie 2008).
Enhancing the OGC WPS interface with GeoPipes support for real-time geoprocessing
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2018
Stefan Herle, Jörg Blankenbach
In the presented architecture, we integrated the GeoPipes concept in the OpenGIS® WPS interface standard to provide real-time processing of live geospatial information. The GeoPipes concept allows the sharing of spatiotemporal data between different publishers and consumers in a push-based manner. With the concept and its implementation in GeoMQTT, we can easily set up geospatial data streams. These streams are used by the WPS extension to receive and publish geospatial data. We specified input and output types for the different pipes and implemented a server instance to handle these data streams. The different deployed exemplary services, for example, the dynamic convex hull or the map matching service, prove that WPS services are capable of dealing with in- and output data streams, if the GeoPipes concept is integrated into the interface. One benefit of applying GeoMQTT as a first realized GeoPipe protocol is that a lot of clients can connect to the system since it is very lightweight and scalable. Furthermore, clients for TCP/IP, connectionless protocols like ZigBee as well as WebSockets are supported. The exposed processes are able to receive the data directly from, for example, low cost sensor nodes and process them. This is especially useful in modern SSDIs.