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Motor Cooling
Published in Wei Tong, Mechanical Design and Manufacturing of Electric Motors, 2022
Liquid immersion cooling becomes very popular today in electronic cooling applications. The first computer designed to be directly cooled by a liquid was Cray-2 supercomputer, back to 1985. Since it used a dielectric coolant that does not conduct electricity, the supercomputer could be submerged in the coolant without causing any short circuit. In addition, because the dielectric coolant has much better thermophysical properties than air, it offers the prospect of dramatically more energy-efficient cooling than those in the conventional air cooling approaches. Besides high cooling efficiency, the potential benefits of liquid immersion cooling include the high cooling capacity, temperature uniformity, reliability, and not needing to power internal fans/pumps to assist fluid cooling flows. Compared with air cooling techniques, liquid immersion cooling can help design much more dense devices without the need for flow aisles.
Thermal Design Analysis
Published in Michael Pecht, Handbook of Electronic Package Design, 2018
Dennis K. Karr, Milton Palmer, David Dancer
Boiling and condensation heat transfer are not often encountered in electronic applications. However, two promising techniques—immersion cooling and heat pipes—are the subject of much research. In immersion cooling, electronic components are either directly or indirectly immersed in low boiling point dielectric liquids. References 162–164 describe immersion cooling in detail. In heat pipes, a pipe with wicking material on the inside of the pipe wall and filled with a condensable fluid is used. Heat is added at one end of the pipe, resulting in vapor generation, and heat is removed at the other end of the pipe, resulting in condensation of the vapor and replenishment of the liquid by capillary action. References [1] and [26] discuss heat pipe theory, and Ref. [165] discusses potential applications of heat pipes to the cooling of electronic systems.
Batteries
Published in Tom Denton, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 2020
Direct liquid cooling/heating is more effective and takes up less volume, provided that the heat transfer fluid is a safe and stable dielectric. Direct immersion cooling offers a safe, efficient, simplified design that enables more compact packaging.
Experimental studies of a static flow immersion cooling system for fast-charging Li-ion batteries
Published in Experimental Heat Transfer, 2023
Hemavathi S, Srirama Srinivas, A S Prakash
At 2C and 3C rates, the SFIC cell provides the maximum temperature difference in cell less than 5°C for both ambient temperatures of 25°C and 60°C which results in nearly zero thermal gradient in cell and maintained the uniform temperature on battery surface. Thus, the natural air convection cooling is an efficient cooling technology for low charge C-rates and for high C-rates (2C, 3C, etc), the immersion cooling is essential battery thermal management system which ensure the uniform temperature within cell and pack and keep the batteries within their optimum operating temperature range. When compared to forced flow convection, static flow immersion cooling is more cost-effective, simple, and compact since no pumps or blowers are used.
Effective Heat Dissipation for Prismatic Lithium-ion Battery by Fluorinated Liquid Immersion Cooling Approach
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Yang Li, Minli Bai, Linsong Gao, Yunjie Yang, Yulong Li, Yubai Li, Yongchen Song
This work investigated the cooling performance of liquid immersion cooling under different testing conditions for prismatic 8Ah LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery, and the research found that: Liquid immersion cooling has stronger heat dissipation capability than natural convection. The cell peak temperature under 5C and 8C discharging is 33.25°C and 33.57°C, respectively. Meanwhile, the temperature fluctuations of the cell remain relatively small under dynamic current switching even when the SF33 has not yet been boiled. which greatly reduces the active control requirements for BTMS.When adopting liquid immersion cooling, the cell temperature response will generally not be affected by the cell spacing. Therefore, the volumetric energy density of cell packs can be increased by reducing the cell spacing. However, the liquid filling level has a considerable effect on the maximum temperature and temperature uniformity of prismatic cells under high C rate discharging conditions. The maximum temperatures of cell under 8C discharging were 44.27°C, 41.03°C, and 35°C at 20%, 60%, and 100% liquid filling levels. And the temperature differences between the two measurement points within the battery were 9.73°C, 7.39°C, and 4.0°C, respectively.The heat dissipation capability of the liquid immersion cooling increases with the improvement of working current. In summary, liquid immersion cooling is an effective method to suppress the maximum cell temperature when a lot of heat is generated by the lithium-ion battery.