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Wearable Compact Fractal Antennas for 5G and Medical Systems
Published in Albert Sabban, Wearable Systems and Antennas Technologies for 5G, IOT and Medical Systems, 2020
Compact wearable printed antennas suffer from low efficiency. Fractal technology may be employed to develop compact efficient wearable antennas. In this chapter, several wearable fractal antennas are presented. The fractal antennas were designed to be worn in the vicinity of the human body. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses antenna design with similar fractal segments to maximize the antenna effective area. Fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel structures with space-filling curves. The key aspect lies in a repetition of a motif over two or more scale sizes or “iterations.” Fractal antennas are very compact, multiband or wideband, and have useful applications in cellular telephone and microwave communication systems. The development of compact fractal printed antennas for 5G communication, Internet of Things (IOT) and medical systems is presented in this chapter. These fractal antennas are compact and efficient. S-band, C-band and X-band fractal printed antennas were developed and fabricated for 5G communication, IOT and medical systems. Space-filling technique and Hilbert curves are employed to design compact fractal antennas. The antenna bandwidth is around 10% with voltage standing wave ratio better than 3:1. The antenna gain is around 8 dBi with 90% efficiency.
Sierpinski Diamond Fractal Antenna Array Using A Quarter-Wave Feed Network for Wireless Applications
Published in T. Kishore Kumar, Ravi Kumar Jatoth, V. V. Mani, Electronics and Communications Engineering, 2019
D. Prabhakar, P. Mallikarjuna Rao, M. Satyanarayana
In the present scenario, microstrip patch antenna is gaining much attention in the multifunctional wireless communication system such as WLAN (wireless local area network), satellite, mobile, radar, and biomedical systems.1 These systems require an antenna with high gain, large impedance bandwidth, and good radiation pattern throughout the entire operating frequency bands.2 Different techniques have been developed to obtain multiband antennas with compact size. We can find fractal antennas with different geometries (Sierpinski gasket, Sierpinski carpet, and Koch curves)3–5 and planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA).6,7 Fractal geometries in antenna design have been of particular interest in recent years due to its suitability for compact personal communication equipment. These geometries have two common properties: space-filling and self-similarity. While the space-filling property is used to reduce the antenna size,8–11 the self-similarity property can be successfully applied to design multiband fractal antennas. In particular, an antenna with self-similar structures provides similar surface current distributions for different frequencies, which leads to multiband behavior.12–14
Novel Wearable Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems
Published in Albert Sabban, Novel Wearable Antennas for Communication and Medical Systems, 2017
Fractal geometries may be applied to design antennas and antenna arrays. The advantages of printed circuit technology and printed antennas enhance the design of fractal printed antennas and microwave components. The effective area of a fractal antenna is significantly higher than the effective area of a regular printed antenna. A fractal antenna may operate with good performance at several different frequencies simultaneously. Fractal antennas are compact multiband antennas. The directivity of fractal antennas is usually higher than the directivity of a regular printed antenna. The number of elements in a fractal antenna array may be reduced by around a quarter of the number of elements in a regular array. A fractal antenna could be considered a non-uniform distribution of radiating elements. Each of the elements contributes to the total radiated power density at a given point with a given amplitude and phase. By spatially superposing these line radiators we can study the properties of a fractal antenna array.
Multiband SRR loaded leaf-shaped Koch fractal with a modified CPW-fed antenna
Published in International Journal of Electronics Letters, 2018
C. Elavarasi, T. Shanmuganantham
The multiple resonance band antennas used in wireless communication measures, which covers a central role deliberated for microwave frequency for proposed antenna, are as follows L/ S/ C/ X/ Ku/ K band has Frequency of 1–2/2–4/4–8/8–12/12–18/18–26.5GHz applications. Sharma, Gourab, and Gangwar (2016) deliberated about the Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-2500/ wireless local area network (WLAN)/Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-MAX) applications, hybrid multiple input, and multiple output (MI-MO) cylindrical di-electric resonator antenna. Anguera, Puente, and Borja (2009) discussed about the Dual Frequency Broadband Microstrip Antenna with a Reactive Loading and Stacked Elements. The fast enlargement in wireless communication systems, origin multiple band antenna, and rise in the initiation of fractal slit in radiating surface as well as SRR geometry design. The fractal antenna developed by the geometries through the Iteration utility system for the design of antennas.
Design of Asymmetrical Antenna Using Slotted Mirror Image Ground Aperture Coupling for Multiband Application
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Sanjay Vivekanand Khobragade, Sanjay Laxmikant Nalbalwar, Anil Bapusa Nandgaonkar, Abhay Eknath Wagh
Fractal antenna has a space-filling and self-similarity property. It is also used to achieve miniaturization. Here the fractal geometries are described that are generated by an iterative process using a tree-shaped structure up to the fifth iteration. A large radiating aperture is formed which generates multiband output. Selection of application is achieved by optimizing the length and width of the patch for iteration one to iteration five.
Development of a Modified Hilbert Curve Fractal Antenna for Multiband Applications
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Ashwini Kumar, Amar Partap Singh Pharwaha
In addition to the above-discussed characteristics, the proposed MHCF antenna has been compared with the existing antennas in Table 5. The proposed fractal antenna has a compact size, multiband performance with wide bandwidth and high gain as compared to the antenna proposed in the literature.