China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Embedded Real-Time Operating System
Published in Yi Qiu, Puxiang Xiong, Tianlong Zhu, The Design and Implementation of the RT-Thread Operating System, 2020
Yi Qiu, Puxiang Xiong, Tianlong Zhu
An embedded system is a computer system that is fully embedded on a device or inside a device and is designed to meet specific needs, such as the common embedded system in daily life, including TV set-top boxes, routers, refrigerators, microwave ovens, mobile phones, etc. They all have certain functions: the TV set-top box used to play TV shows on the network, and similarly, the router is used to select the optimal path and forward the network message correctly. Such systems are highly specialized and relatively single in functionality, usually only for specific external input processing, and then give the corresponding results, so that the embedded system only needs to have just enough but a small number of hardware resources to complete the required specific functions, and thus the cost can be effectively controlled.
Putting it all together
Published in Hanky Sjafrie, Introduction to Self-Driving Vehicle Technology, 2019
OSCC software consists of the necessary firmware for all the Arduino boards. Firmware is the embedded software that controls the hardware components. There are also some elements of control software that are designed to work with a standard SDV middleware, such as ROS. The software and firmware is based on PolySync’s Core platform, and full instructions for building and installing are provided on the OSCC wiki. Below, we give an example of how to build the firmware for a petrol Kia Soul. # navigate to the correct directory cd firmware mkdir build cd build # use flags to tell cmake to build for a petrol vehicle and to override operator control cmake .. -DKIA_SOUL=ON -DSTEERING_OVERRIDE=OFF # now build the firmware with make make # alternatively, use make <module-name> to build a specific module make brake make can-gateway make steering make throttle # now you can upload each module. The system expects a single module connected to /dev/ttyACM0 make brake-upload # if you want to upload all the modules at once specify their addresses cmake .. -DKIA_SOUL=ON -DSERIAL_PORT_BRAKE=/dev/ttyACM0 -DSERIAL_PORT_CAN_GATEWAY=/dev/ttyACM1 -DSERIAL_PORT_STEERING=/dev/ttyACM2 -DSERIAL_PORT_THROTTLE=/dev/ttyACM3 # now you can flash all the modules at once make all-upload
Embedded Computing Systems and Hardware/Software Codesign
Published in Wai-Kai Chen, Computer Aided Design and Design Automation, 2018
The software for an embedded multiprocessing system is often built around processes. A process, as in a general-purpose computing system, is an instantiation of a program with its own state. Since problems complex enough to require multiprocessors often run sophisticated algorithms and I/O systems, dividing the system into processes helps manage design complexity. A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system specifically designed for embedded, and specifically real-time applications. The RTOS manages the processes and device drivers in the system, determining when each executes on the CPU. This function is termed scheduling. The partitioning of the software between application code which executes core algorithms and an RTOS which schedules the times to which those core algorithms are executed is a fundamental design principle in computing systems in general and is especially important for real-time operation.
Comparative Analysis of Delay-Based and Memory-Based Physical Unclonable Functions
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
Priti S. Lokhande, Sangeeta Nakhate
Nowadays, embedded systems are used in almost every part of our lives such as cars, mobile phones, pacemakers, traffic light controllers, digital cameras, digital watches and MP3 Players. The majority of contemporary embedded systems, including PDAs, sensors, routers and smart cards, manage and convey sensitive data, making their security a top priority. Embedded systems are also used in safety-critical systems including medical care devices and automotive systems making it very pivotal to secure such systems [1]. As a result, it can be challenging to find an application that does not use one or more embedded systems. Since they are known to employ similar OS and CPU platforms, any algorithm that can attack one of these devices might potentially compromise hundreds of other devices in the same class at once. The majority of developers believe that because their products differ from desktop PCs in that they employ non-x86-based processors and flash storage, they are immune to attacks. In contrast, the authors in [2] argue that the majority of embedded systems lack the five fundamental operating system security characteristics, such as application-kernel separation, memory protection domains, restricted code execution on the system stack, file system access protection and randomization of process information.
Digital twin-enabled smart industrial systems: a bibliometric review
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2021
Maria Pia Ciano, Rossella Pozzi, Tommaso Rossi, Fernanda Strozzi
An embedded system is defined as a computer system dedicated to specific functions and embedded in a complete device or system (Park, Zheng, and Liu 2012). Cyber physical systems are an evolution of embedded systems in which networking can coordinate and integrate computation and physical processes; the network contains various embedded systems with computational components that serve to monitor, detect and activate physical elements (Park, Zheng, and Liu 2012). Their ability to collect the information, monitor it from the physical space, and synchronize it with the cyberspace often led literature to see cyber physical systems as the actualisation of Industrial Internet (Li et al. 2017). Moreover, due to the high connectivity, cyber physical systems act as distributed computer systems, characterized by decentralised control (Wang, Törngren, and Onori 2015; Yun, Park, and Kim 2017).
The framework design of smart factory in discrete manufacturing industry based on cyber-physical system
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2020
Gaige Chen, Pei Wang, Bo Feng, Yihui Li, Dekun Liu
3) For the purpose of fault diagnosis and prediction, sensors are embedded in production equipment to detect a variety of data, which mainly contains signals of force, heat, electricity, etc., including variables such as location, weight, temperature, humidity, vibration, current, voltage and flow rate and so on. Real-time data is used to determine which equipment requires service, repair, and even replacement. In this case study, current data are used to diagnose running state of the sheet metal cutting line by means of multiple current sensors. The current data can be leveraged to characterise the operational patterns of the sheet metal cutting line. Firstly, the noisy and redundant data are removed through a denoising method based on wavelet transform module maxima. Next, the feature extraction method based on attribute reduction is used to extract feature parameters from the current data. Finally, based on the Deep Neural Networks, a smart failure diagnosis is performed. Specifically, under normal circumstances, the current signal should demonstrate a relatively stable pattern. When the equipment is worn or unexpected faults occur, the current signal would deviate from the normal pattern, which will automatically trigger a warning to be sent to the operator through mobile terminals. Through analysis of the current signal, equipment anomalies can be predicted and diagnosed.