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Monitoring Human Health in Real-Time using Nanogenerator- Based Self-Powered Sensors
Published in Suresh Kaushik, Vijay Soni, Efstathia Skotti, Nanosensors for Futuristic Smart and Intelligent Healthcare Systems, 2022
Ammu Anna Mathew, Charanya Sukumaran, S. Vivekanandan, Arunkumar Chandrasekhar
The Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) is the combination of triboelectricity and electrostatic induction where external mechanical energy gets converted to electrical energy. The electrical charge redistribution in an object due to the effect of nearby charges is called electrostatic induction. The TENG is used due to the specific features like simplistic design, miniaturization, high efficiency and sensitivity, better accuracy, wide selection for materials which are mostly flexible, portable and cheap.
Electrostatic Field in free Space
Published in Branislav M. Notaroš, Conceptual Electromagnetics, 2017
Let us consider an uncharged metallic sphere brought into a uniform electrostatic field, in free space. The field lines around the sphere after electrostatic equilibrium is reached are sketched in Figure 1.25(a). As a result of the electrostatic induction, there are induced surface charges on the sphere surface (creation of surplus charges in a conducting body caused by an external electrostatic field is called the electrostatic induction). Because the field due to the induced charges (this field exists both inside and outside the sphere) is superimposed to the external field, the total field inside the sphere becomes zero [Eq. (1.21)], and that outside it is not uniform any more. Negative induced charges are sinks of the field lines on the left-hand side of the sphere, whereas the positive induced charges are sources of the field lines on the right-hand side of the sphere. The field lines on both sides are normal to the sphere surface, and they therefore bend near the sphere. However, because there is no field throughout the sphere interior, we can remove it, without affecting the field outside the sphere. We thus obtain a domain with no field, bounded by a metallic shell, as shown in Figure 1.25(b). This means that the space inside the shell cavity is perfectly protected (isolated) from the external electrostatic field. The thickness of the shell can be arbitrary, and its shape does not need to be spherical. Hence, an arbitrary closed conducting shell represents a perfect electrostatic shield or screen for its interior domain. We call such a shield a Faraday cage. If the field outside the cage is changed, the charge on the cage walls will redistribute itself so that the field inside will remain zero. Charge redistribution is a nonelectrostatic transitional process, during which there is a nonzero time-varying electromagnetic field in the cavity; the process is very fast, practically instantaneous.
Alternating versus direct current in electrohydrodynamic drying
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Alex Martynenko, Tadeusz Kudra
Such a difference in the inception voltage of about 2.5 kV is in agreement with earlier findings.[14,26] It leads to the difference in energy consumption at the same applied voltage. However, this difference disappears at higher voltages, because the current of the 1 × 1 electrode increased faster than the current of the 2 × 2 electrode. For example, at 20 kV the current becomes equal to 0.8 mA for both electrodes. It should be noted that DC inception voltage (8 to 10 kV) was significantly higher than that for AC. Also, the breakdown voltage for DC electric field (18–20 kV) was higher than that for AC. This difference could be ascribed to a significant effect of the space charge and electrostatic induction in the DC electric field. It can be concluded that AC power is more efficient than DC in reaching the minimum space charge concentration, required for corona discharge.
Improving the recovery of copper from electric cable waste derived from automotive industry by corona-electrostatic separation
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2021
Andrei Catinean, Lucian Dascalescu, Mihai Lungu, Laurentiu Marius Dumitran, Adrian Samuila
Under an intense ion bombardment, the components of the granular mixture get an electric charge of the same polarity as the corona electrode. The conductive granules in contact with the metallic roll electrode connected to the ground lose the electric charge much faster than the nonconductive ones. In the quasi-uniform electric field zone generated between the electrostatic electrode and the grounded roll electrode the conductive granules acquire, by electrostatic induction, an electric charge of opposite polarity with respect to the high voltage supply (Medles et al. 2007; Xue, Li, and Xu 2013). By the action of the centrifugal force Fc and electric field force Fe the conductive granules are attracted by the electrostatic electrode, being deflected toward the right side of the collector (Figure 2).
The self-induced electric-field-driven jet printing for fabricating ultrafine silver grid transparent electrode
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2021
Zhi Wang, Guangming Zhang, Hui Huang, Lei Qian, Xiaoling Liu, Hongbo Lan
In the printing process, the printing materials are first pushed towards the nozzle tip and formed a meniscus by air pressure and the surface tension. Then, the redistributed charges by the electrostatic induction on the surface will interact with this very small meniscus to form the self-induced electric field. Under the combination of electric field force, surface tension, viscous force, and air pressure, the meniscus is gradually elongated (the main force is the tangential electric field force), forming a Taylor cone. When the electric field force exceeds the surface tension and viscous force of the printing material, the liquid printing materials are ejected from the apex of the Taylor cone and formed an extremely fine cone jet. With the movement of the stage, jet can be deposited precisely on the substrate to form the designed structure.