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Architect’s instructions
Published in David Chappell, Construction Contracts, 2020
Where AIs, certificates or letters are signed by an authorised person, that person should sign ‘for and on behalf of’. This is undoubtedly the best method. It is not sufficient that the letter, etc. is on headed paper. The important thing is that it must be plain that the signatory is not signing on his or her own behalf but on behalf of the architect. So, it is probably sufficient if the name of the firm is typed where the signature would normally go and the authorised person signs immediately underneath. Sometimes people sign the actual name of the architect. For example, if the named architect is John Smith, one of the authorised persons, say Emma Crow, may sign ‘John Smith’ provided she initials the signature.3 Properly authorised electronic signatures are valid.4
Testing
Published in Richard C. Fries, Handbook of Medical Device Design, 2019
Signatures by both the worker and the witness are required by regulatory bodies as well. FDA also provides for electronic signatures of records in FDA (1997). Considerable attention is given to the security of the signature. While a physical signature cannot be reproduced easily and undetectably, security of electronic signatures is more elusive. It is easier to reproduce an electronic signature, and harder to detect the fraud. Among specific requirements included in FDA (1997) for electronic signatures are the following: it should be unique to the individualit should be retired from the company with the individualit should be non-transferableit should not be possible to excise the signature from the signed document by electronic means As of this writing, popular electronic packages do not seem to be well-suited to accommodating secure electronic signatures.
Process Analytical Technology (PAT)
Published in James Agalloco, Phil DeSantis, Anthony Grilli, Anthony Pavell, Handbook of Validation in Pharmaceutical Processes, 2021
Data generated by a computerized system can be categorized as either an electronic record or an electronic signature. An electronic record is any combination of text, graphics, data, audio, pictorial, or other information represented in digital form that is created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, and/or distributed by a computer system. An electronic signature is a computer data compilation of any symbol(s) executed, adopted, or authorized by an individual to be the legal equivalent of that individual’s handwritten signature.
Recent progress on metal halide perovskite field-effect transistors
Published in Journal of Information Display, 2021
Huihui Zhu, Ao Liu, Yong-Young Noh
As a result, in MAPbI3, the valence band maximum (VBM) is dominated by I 5p orbitals with some contribution from the Pb 6s orbitals, whereas the conduction band minimum (CBM) is strongly dominated by the Pb 6p state with slight mixing from the I 5p state. The electronic signature of the organic cation is found deep in the VB; this status implies that the organic part merely stabilizes the perovskite structure and balances the electrostatic charges, but does not directly contribute to the electronic properties. In contrast, in SnI2-based perovskites, the VBM is composed of hybrid Sn 5s and I 5p orbitals, and the CBM is dominated by the Sn 5p state with a slight contribution from the I 5p state (Figure 1(d)).
A blockchain-based evaluation approach for customer delivery satisfaction in sustainable urban logistics
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Zonggui Tian, Ray Y. Zhong, Ali Vatankhah Barenji, Y. T. Wang, Zhi Li, Yiming Rong
During the delivery of goods, the customer evaluates the above question with quantitative data range from 0 to 100. 0 means completely unworthy, and 100 means over worth. The answer will be input into a handheld terminal and the customer will confirm it through an electronic signature on the handheld terminal.