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A Review of Carbon Dots – A Versatile Carbon Nanomaterial
Published in Swamini Chopra, Kavita Pande, Vincent Shantha Kumar, Jitendra A. Sharma, Novel Applications of Carbon Based Nano-Materials, 2023
Jayanta Sarmah Boruah, Ankita Deb, Jahnabi Gogoi, Kabyashree Phukan, Neelam Gogoi, Devasish Chowdhury
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL): ECL is a phenomenon where chemical substances produced on the electrode surface go through electron transfer reactions to generate light emissions. ECL is the result of the combination of electrochemistry and chemiluminescence. According to the source of free radicals, the ECL mechanism is categorized into two types, one the annihilation pathway and the other is the co-reaction pathway (Zhao et al. 2020). Yang and co-workers reported the first investigation of CDs on ECL property in 2009. The CDs were prepared through a simple microwave reaction using poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG-200) and saccharide as the carbon sources. Due to its high sensitivity, the ECL technique on CDs could be effectively used for single-cell analysis and biosensing applications.
MOF-based Electrochemical Sensors for Pesticides
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tahir Rasheed, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Muhammad Bilal, Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Hybrid Materials for Environmental Sensing and Monitoring, 2022
Yong Wang, Qin Xiao, Qianfen Zhuang
Electrochemiluminescence is the process where species produced at the surface of electrodes transit to excited states via electron-transfer reactions and then emit light [59-62]. The electrochemiluminescence sensor combines the advantages of electrochemistry and luminescence, and thus attracts wide interest from researchers. In 2020, Chen et al. [63] used the NH2-MIL-88(Fe) MOFs to immobilize CdTe quantum dots on the interior and outer surface. The MOFs containing CdTe quantum dots can be employed to construct an electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for the detection of malathion (Figure 7). It was found that the MOFs played an important role as nanocarriers and signal enhancers to improve the sensitivity of the electrochemiluminescence aptasensor. In addition, the authors established the detailed mechanism of the significantly enhanced electrochemiluminescence.
Electrochemical Sensing via Porous Materials
Published in Antonio Doménech-Carbó, Electrochemistry of Porous Materials, 2021
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a phenomenon consisting of the generation of light as a result of the application of electrochemical inputs. As an analytical technique, it is characterized by its high sensitivity. ECL requires the presence of a molecular species (the luminophore) that can be electrochemically promoted to an excited state that it emits light during the subsequent return to the ground state [33,34]. Typical luminophores utilized in ECL studies are luminol, Ru(II) complexes, quantum dots (QDs), and metal nanoclusters, among others. The luminophore can be directly activated via electrochemistry or by mediation of a redox-active species. This is the case with luminol, which is activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated electrochemically.
Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by surface plasmon resonance-enhanced total internal reflection ellipsometry (SPRe-TIRE)
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Aslı Erkal-Aytemur, Samet Şahin, Zafer Üstündağ, İbrahim Ender Mülazımoğlu, Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan
Although different serum cutoff CEA levels have been reported in the literature, a cancer-related condition is suspected when serum levels are higher than 5–10 ng/mL.[7] Therefore, the concentration of CEA in human serum is of great importance for cancer diagnosis.[8] In particular, the sensitive determination of CEA is crucial for early detection of disease onset or recurrence.[9] There are many immunoassay studies that include radiometric sensors,[10,11] enzymatic sensors,[12,13] fluoro-immunoassays,[14] piezoelectric immunosensors,[15] and electrochemical immunosensors[16] for CEA detection. However, the most immunoassays have disadvantages including long assay times and the use of complex techniques.[9,17] Therefore, a focus has been the development of rapid, sensitive, selective, and cost-effective methods for CEA that include colorimetric, electrochemical, surface plasmonic, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence biosensors.[5,18] However, some of these techniques require time-consuming steps, provide low sensitivity and selectivity, and need additional labeling to determine CEA.