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Illustrative Results
Published in Kurt A. Polzin, Ashley K. Hallock, Kamesh Sankaran, Justin M. Little, Circuit Modeling of Inductively-Coupled Pulsed Accelerators, 2023
Kurt A. Polzin, Ashley K. Hallock, Kamesh Sankaran, Justin M. Little
The first term in Eq. (6.6) is the inverse of the ratio of the potential change in external circuit inductance during an acceleration pulse over the stray inductance in the external circuit. This ratio is a means to quantify the electrical efficiency of the accelerator, corresponding roughly to the fraction of energy that can be directed into electromagnetic acceleration.
Solar Cell Materials, PV Modules and Arrays
Published in Neha Gupta, Gopal Nath Tiwari, Photovoltaic Thermal Passive House System, 2022
The electrical efficiency of PV module, ηem, in fraction can be expressed as follows: ηem=τg×βc×ηec
Performance Enhancement of Solar PV System by Using Nano Coolants
Published in Atul Sharma, Amritanshu Shukla, Renu Singh, Low Carbon Energy Supply Technologies and Systems, 2020
When cooling the PV module by means of a nanofluid, the flow technique is likewise of much importance. Active convection cooling ought to be utilized to get ideal outcomes, because if the flow is done by means of passive strategy, the increase in light intensity would result in the decrement of electrical efficiency and improvement in thermal effectiveness on the grounds that natural convection isn’t that productive. Thus, forced circulation of the nanofluid can further improve the effectiveness of the PV module as associated with passive cooling (Al-Waeli et al. 2017a). Further, Hassan et al. (2004) suggested that wide channels cause instability in lateral heat transfer, whereas narrow channels increase the heat transfer coefficient. Also, by increasing the roughness of the pipe contact area, it further increases the heat transfer rate. So as to accomplish a higher efficiency of the framework, uniformity of the temperature distribution inside the channel and maintaining the least pressure drop inside the channel is recommended.
The effect of aluminum fins and air blowing on the electrical efficiency of photovoltaic panels; environmental evaluation
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Mojtaba Shafiee, Mohammad Firoozzadeh, Mohammad Ebrahimi, Ali Pour-Abbasi
Standard Test Condition (STC) is a criterion that the efficiency written in PV panel’s catalogue determined based on it. The STC is defined as: air mass of 1.5 (AM = 1.5), cell temperature of 25 °C and also solar irradiance of 1000 W/m2. The electrical efficiency of a PV panel is defined as the output produced power of PV module to its input power. So, according to the mentioned relationship, the following equations should be defined as: where Vmp is voltage in (V) and Imp is current in (A). Furthermore, in Eq. (2), A is the PV cells area in (m2) and G is the irradiation of the sun in (W/m2). So, the PV panel efficiency can be calculated by following equation:
Performance comparison study on differently configured solar photovoltaic thermal water collector systems
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Ratio between output electrical power and input power is defined as electrical efficiency. Table 8 presents the periodic variations in the ηE obtained from the system during 8 consecutive days of experiments. Average ηE observed during 8 continuous days of experimentation varies between a minimum of 7.38% (±0.00546%) in CASE-A and maximum of 11.42% (±0.00546%) in CASE-G. The system with cooling option produces higher ηE than the system without cooling. The higher ηE delivered by the system with cooling option is mainly due to its higher PE than the system without cooling. The orders of ηE delivered by all the eight systems tested under this study are as follows:
Experimental and theoretical analysis of thermoelectric energy generating system collecting concentrated solar energy
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Ali Murat Mahmat, Yavuz Köysal, Yusuf Yakut, Tahsin Atalay, Seyda Özbektaş
Electrical efficiency refers to the relationship between the power out of the system and power in to the system. During the conversion of energy, some of the energy is lost due to the resistance of the components of the system. This lost energy cannot be used. Therefore, the energy entering the system and the energy taken from the system will not be equal. This is directly expressed by the electrical efficiency. The efficiency of the system is then a measure of how much of the incoming energy can be converted into electrical energy. Figure 6 shows the plot of electrical efficiency versus collected solar radiation. With the increase in solar irradiance in the first hours of the measurement, the Pmaxout increased rapidly, thus the electrical efficiency started to increase rapidly. Pmaxout remained almost constant at noon of the measurement, but the Pin value reached its maximum. This is why increasing solar radiation decreases the calculated electrical efficiency for the midday period. The maximum electrical efficiency values were obtained as 2.08% and 1.78% for pure water on August 5 and July 24, respectively, and 1.31% and 1.51% acetone on August 6 and July 12, respectively.