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Sustainable homes
Published in Derek Worthing, Nigel Dann, Roger Heath, of Houses, 2021
Derek Worthing, Nigel Dann, Roger Heath
Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) were introduced in 2007 in order to meet the requirement of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, referred to above. EPCs are required for buildings when they are constructed, sold or let. An EPC gives information on a building’s energy use in operation, together with recommendations on how performance could be enhanced and carbon dioxide emissions reduced. The certificate is produced by an ‘On Construction Energy Assessor’ (OCEA) using the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP). SAP is discussed below and also in Chapters 5 and 21. EPCs provide a rating of the houses in a format which mirrors that used on cars and electrical appliances for the home so as to make it more familiar and understandable to occupiers.
From Drought to Flooding: Risk and Opportunities from Adverse Weather
Published in Kit Sadgrove, The Complete Guide to Business Risk Management, 2020
For example if you are building, selling or leasing a commercial property in the UK, you are required to have an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC), a document showing how energy efficient the building is. An EPC certificate is valid for up to ten years and should be provided to the perspective buyer/tenant. The failure to provide an EPC for a building can result in a penalty fine between £500 and £5,000.
Sustainability and Building Information Modelling
Published in Arthur Lyons, Materials for Architects and Builders, 2019
Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) are required for all buildings when they are sold, built or rented. Certificates are rated A to G. Currently, less than half of the existing housing stock within England and Wales achieves the average D rating. Furthermore, many government buildings fall into the lower categories with respect to energy efficiency.
Large-scale statistical analysis and modelling of real and regulatory total energy use in existing single-family houses in Flanders
Published in Building Research & Information, 2023
M. Y. C. Van Hove, M. Deurinck, W. Lameire, J. Laverge, A. Janssens, M. Delghust
In the Flemish Region, the Flemish Energy and Climate Agency (VEKA) (VEKA, 2021) and the Ministry of Environment, Nature and Energy (DLNE, 2021) are the responsible public bodies for the Flemish EPBD implementation. For existing residential buildings (for sale and rent), the EPBD (EU, 2003, 2010, 2012) is implemented in the Flemish Energy Performance and Indoor Climate Decree (Energy decree) (FA, 2009) and certification started from respectively November 2008 (for sale) and January 2009 (for rent) (CA EPBD, 2011, 2016, 2019, 2023). For each building, an accredited EPC assessor, hired by the dwelling owner, calculates and reports the building’s energy performance rating, using the regulatory white-box calculation tool (EPC software in Belgium) provided by the government, based on as-built data of the house, which is valid for a period of 10 years. In the case of missing as-built data (e.g. presence of insulation, insulation thicknesses, v50-values for the dwelling’s air permeability etc.), conservative standard values are used in the calculation method.
Building energy retrofit-as-a-service: a Total Value of Ownership assessment methodology to support whole life-cycle building circularity and decarbonisation
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2022
Juan Francisco Azcarate-Aguerre, Mira Conci, Markus Zils, Peter Hopkinson, Tillmann Klein
Initial investment costs include planning and project management, materials and components, installations, and construction costs, all including Dutch 21% VAT. For the renovation, we use the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) label – a rating scheme to evaluate the energy efficiency of buildings in the European Union (Arcipowska et al. 2014) – to characterise a building’s energy-relevant physical characteristics. EPC labels range from G, the lowest, to A, the highest and most energy efficient. According to Zebra2020 Data Tool by Enerdata the most common EPC label for non-residential buildings in the Netherlands is label “E,” comprising 35% of the building stock. This value is consistent with the average for the 9 European countries providing data. An EPC label “E” translates to a primary energy consumption for heating and Domestic Hot Water preparation of 265 kWh/m2/year (Filippidou et al.2017). In buildings with EPC label “E,” thermal energy is usually generated through boilers running on natural gas. An EPC label “A” building, in contrast, has a primary energy consumption for heating and Domestic Hot Water preparation of <50 kWh/m2/year thanks to an insulated façade and typically generated through a heat pump system (Figure 2) (Engie.nl, 2012).
Performance gaps in energy consumption: household groups and building characteristics
Published in Building Research & Information, 2018
Paula van den Brom, Arjen Meijer, Henk Visscher
In 2002, the European Union introduced the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD). The EPBD requires buildings to have an energy performance certificate (EPC), or energy label, when sold or rented. In the Netherlands, the energy label is calculated based on both the building characteristics and modelled heating behaviour of occupants. Through a simplified heat-transfer calculation, a theoretical energy usage is determined that relates to an energy label. The theoretical energy usage for residential buildings contains building-related energy usage (e.g. energy for heating, hot water, ventilation, lighting in communal areas). Energy use for electrical appliances and lighting in private areas is excluded. The aim of this energy label is to show potential buyers or renters the energy efficiency of their dwelling in a simple and comprehensible way (Rijksoverheid, 2016a). Apart from this, the labelling system is used by policy-makers to set energy-saving targets and develop policies. For example, the Dutch social housing associations signed a covenant to renovate their building stock to reach an average energy label B by 2021, and thereby an energy reduction of 33% between 2008 and 2021 (Bzk, Aedes, Woonbond, & Vastgoed Belang, 2012).