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Power Quality and Utility Interface Issues
Published in Timothy L. Skvarenina, The Power Electronics Handbook, 2018
Wayne Galli, Timothy L. Skvarenina, Badrul H. Chowdhury, Hirofumi Akagi, Rajapandian Ayyanar, Amit Kumar Jain
Class A refers to balanced three-phase equipment, Class B refers to portable tools, Class C to lighting equipment, and Class D deals with equipment that draws currents having a special nonsinusoidal waveshape lying under the envelope shown in Fig. 17.53 with an active input power under 600 W. The diode bridge rectifiers discussed earlier belong to this class of equipment. Table 17.7 lists the 1000-3-2 limits for Class D equipment with maximum current less than or equal to 16 A[4]. IEC 1000-3-3 deals with limits on voltage flicker in low-voltage supply systems with current less than 16 A. IEC 1000-3-4 sets limits for both individual equipment as well as for the whole system installation. IEC 1000-3-2 has been adopted as EN 61000-3-2, and hence any equipment sold in Europe must comply with the standard.
Design of DC Power Supply and Power Management
Published in Nihal Kularatna, Electronic Circuit Design, 2017
where I1 is the in-phase fundamental RMS current and I is the total RMS current. With this discussion, we can appreciate the regulatory bodies defining the limits of harmonics generated by electrical systems connected to the AC utility grid. The EU put into effect EN 61000-3-2 to establish limits on harmonics up to the 40th harmonic of the AC line–powered equipment’s input current. Amendments in 2001 clearly state that PCs, PC monitors, and TV receivers with power ratings from 75 to 600 W must have PFC power supplies.
Off-the-Line Switching Power Supplies
Published in Nihal Kularatna, DC Power Supplies Power Management and Surge Protection for Power Electronic Systems, 2018
where I1 is the in-phase fundamental RMS current and I is the total RMS current. With this discussion, we can appreciate the regulatory bodies defining the limits of harmonics generated by electrical systems connected to the AC utility grid. The EU put into effect EN 61000-3-2 to establish limits on harmonics up to 40th harmonic of the AC line-powered equipment’s input current. Amendments in 2001 clearly state that PCs, PC monitors, and TV receivers with power ratings from 75 to 600 W must have PFC power supplies.
Utility and consumer-oriented multi-criteria assessment of residential light bulbs available on the Australian market
Published in Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2018
Muhammad Usman, Farhad Shahnia, GM Shafiullah, Ali Arefi
Power quality is an important factor in assessing the quality of electricity supplied to customers as it is directly related to the cause of mal-operation and malfunction of utility and customers’ equipment. Utilities have reports of domestic customers complaining about the burning and failing of their household devices such as refrigerators, TVs, and air conditioners due to the poor quality of their supplied power. The utilities may also be disadvantaged due to the increased power losses in lines and distribution transformers. As is evident from Figure 5(b-c), CFLs and LEDs draw distorted currents, which can be quantified as harmonic current injection magnitudes or THD. Current harmonics and THD are classified under power quality and altogether stand for 22% of the observed power quality problems for American customers according to (Bhattacharyya and Cobben 2011) (see Figure 6). This study aims to assess and quantify these two sets of criteria for the majority of lightings sold on the Australian market nowadays. It also aims to validate the compliance of the power quality criteria with the limits specified in the Electromagnetic compatibility – Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current less than 16 A per phase) (IEC 61000–3–2, 2009) and its equivalent Australian/New Zealand and European standards (AS/NZS 61000–3–2, 2003; EN61000-3–2, 2006). According to these standards, the harmonic current limits are categorised based on the power consumption of that equipment (i.e. light bulbs in this study) as given in Table 2. Alternatively, based on IEC61000-3–2 (2009), the 3rd and 5th harmonic currents should not exceed 86 and 61% of the fundamental, respectively.