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Preconditions and Frameworks for LBS Development
Published in Krzysztof W. Kolodziej, Johan Hjelm, Local Positioning Systems, 2017
Krzysztof W. Kolodziej, Johan Hjelm
In the U.S., Wi-Fi technologies are being deployed to provide a multitude of high-value services. PDAs have been successful as the handheld platform of choice, typically using Wi-Fi as the connectivity method. In the rest of the world, mobile telephones have become the leading handheld terminals. Currently, mobile telephone technology is being combined with Wi-Fi, e.g., by Motorola. The E911 regulation for emergency services (which mandates that a mobile telephone has to be automatically positioned within 50 m when calling the emergency number 911) dictates that mobile operators will have to be in the forefront on positioning technologies, a fact that is a driving force for location-based services. It is still not clear how this will impact Wi-Fi providers, both telecom operators and other companies, such as NYCWireless.
Positioning and Location Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks
Published in Syed Ijlal Ali Shah, Mohammad Ilyas, Hussein T. Mouftah, Pervasive Communications Handbook, 2017
Yu-Chee Tseng, Chi-Fu Huang, Sheng-Po Kuo
In addition to the GPS system, positioning can also be done using some wireless networking infrastructures. Taking the PCS cellular networks as an example, the E911 emergency service requires determining the location of a phone call via the base stations of the cellular system. Several location estimation models, such as angle of arrival (AoA); time of arrival (ToA); received signal strength (RSS); phase of arrival (PoA); and assisted GPS (A-GPS), are widely used in cellular networks and wireless sensor networks.
Network Architecture, Mobility Management, and Deployment
Published in Saad Z. Asif, 5G Mobile Communications Concepts and Technologies, 2018
VoLTE, under the umbrella of SRVCC, was standardized in 3GPP Rel-8 to improve voice coverage by handing over the voice session from LTE to 2G/3G circuit-switched domain. The CS domain can be part of UTRAN/GERAN or 3GPP2 1xCS (CDMA2000 1X). In Rel-9, to support e911 service over VoLTE, features like emergency services, location services, and emergency warning broadcast services were introduced.
Changing Attitudes toward Location-Based Advertising in the USA and Finland
Published in Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2018
Smartphone technologies with their location identification capabilities are in a position to allow us to locate a device and also communicate with them. All smartphones are equipped with GPS location processes (by law for providing E911 services). Even if the location is not identified through the satellite, the cell towers, or Wi-Fi signal locators, gyroscope computations can help us in locating the device within 10 m of actual location of the device [5]. It is not the technology or location of the device that is a challenging issue, it is customer’s acceptance of such location detection capability that may compromise their personal privacy. If companies and advertisement networks were to deliver personalized advertisements, then it would require the permission from a customer so as to not encounter some behavioral backlash from the customer. Most of the time, companies clearly and ethically ask the customer to give permission to send such type of communication. Sometimes companies may get their permission surreptiously by asking for certain information from the hardware device and software, especially when customers download free apps [5]. Regardless, a customer’s behavior will depend on how comfortable they feel in accepting the advertisements from a company.