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Technology as a Tool for Continuous Improvement
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Lynne C. Capehart, Paul Allen, David Green, Web Based Enterprise Energy and Building Automation Systems, 2020
Since its installation in 2000, the system has helped to optimize occupant comfort, energy efficiency, safety and security, while driving down operation and maintenance costs. It has also been used for innovative functions such as: Energy consumption benchmarking between buildings and building areas.Monitoring of predictive maintenance devices on critical HVAC equipment.Control of lighting systems that use daylight harvesting to save energy.Environmental discharge control, monitoring and documentation.Automatic first responder notification in emergencies.Hydraulic shock (“water hammer“) mitigation and water conservation.Flooding prevention.
Lighting Controls
Published in Michael Stiller, Quality Lighting for High Performance Buildings, 2020
At the heart of any daylight harvesting system are devices called photosensors. These are small pieces of equipment that can be mounted in a ceiling or on a wall, in the interior or on the exterior of a building, or directly within a lighting fixture to “read” the amount of light present at any given time. By integrating photosensors into a lighting control system, and with the correct programming and commissioning, we can automatically dim or switch off the electric lighting in a particular area when the daylight contribution causes the overall levels to rise above a preset value. As previously mentioned, the “system” can be as simple as integrating a photosensor and a dimming ballast or driver in an individual lighting fixture to create a self-contained, self-dimming luminaire. Or it can be as complex as installing an array of sensors to read the light levels in a variety of spaces so as to dim each area’s lighting to different levels, through a central control system, to achieve the appropriate illuminance throughout the entire building.
Double-Skin Façade Performance in Practice
Published in Mary Ben Bonham, Bioclimatic Double-Skin Façades, 2019
The energy conservation potential of façades can also be assessed. The term ‘daylight harvesting’ refers to the energy savings that can be achieved by reducing electric lighting loads when daylight is optimized on the interior. Photoelectric sensors are installed that sense available daylight and adjust the electric lighting system to dim or turn off fixtures in areas of the interior. Because sunlight has been modulated by the façade to provide quality daylighting on the interior and an energy-conserving electric lighting design has been configured to respond to available daylight, the claim can be made that daylight has been ‘optimized.’
An integrated method and web tool to assess visual environment in spaces with window shades
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2018
Iason Konstantzos, Michael Kim, Athanasios Tzempelikos
Modern commercial buildings include both private and open-plan perimeter office spaces with large glass facades, placing the visual environment under careful and necessary consideration. Daylight harvesting can efficiently reduce lighting energy use while it allows a connection with the outdoors and has significant effects on health, well-being, and productivity. However, without efficient control, it can also compromise indoor environmental quality causing visual discomfort through daylight glare. As concluded from a recent set of studies (Tzempelikos 2017) the dynamic variation of daylighting and its impact on visual comfort and health are complex; further research is required in these directions, also considering personal subjective factors as hidden variables with quantified uncertainty, to ultimately lead to more systematic, holistic and robust performance metrics.
Optimizing Presence Sensing Lighting for Energy Efficiency and User Behavioral Needs in Small Swedish Homes
Published in LEUKOS, 2023
RatnaKala Sithravel, Thomas Olsson, Myriam Aries
The second strategy is to opt for effective automated lighting control systems like occupancy detection or daylight harvesting. This strategy uses sensors to help decrease energy use by turning off the lights, minimizing the extended periods when lights are left on at the highest light output (scene brightness) in unoccupied spaces, or reducing the illumination levels when daylight is available (Safranek et al. 2021). Moadab et al. (2021) projected that a smart lighting system that dims the room lighting automatically based on occupancy patterns achieved the lowest energy consumption when compared to a home with conventional CFL and LED lighting. However, the convenience of such implementation at home relies on the timeout period. Setting the sensor with a long time delay may result in energy wastage but ensures the lights are not switched off in occupied spaces (Tiller et al. 2010); while shorter time delay offers greater energy savings but could be annoying when the sensor turns off the lighting with users being present (Nguyen and Aiello 2013). Another challenge with the shorter timeout is that it may ensue increased maintenance and lamp replacement costs (Dikel et al. 2018). This is primarily the case for homes still using older lamp technologies, like fluorescent lamps in Italy (Pompei et al. 2022). Nevertheless, the increase in switching frequency is not a concern if LED lamps are used as they are not impervious to lifetime degradation. For an office environment, Dikel et al. (2018) highlighted that reducing the timeout period of a LED lighting control system from 20 minutes to 1 minute resulted in 26% energy savings.
Learning lighting models for optimal control of lighting system via experimental and numerical approach
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2021
Tullio De Rubeis, Francesco Smarra, Niko Gentile, Alessandro D’innocenzo, Dario Ambrosini, Domenica Paoletti
The simulated total energy use for the base case scenario was 10.6 kWh/yr. Such low energy use is due to: 1) limited room occupancy (6.41% of the entire year), 2) relatively good daylight provision, 3) low installed LPD (6.6 W/m2), and 4) use of occupancy and daylight harvesting control. Details of the dimming schedule for the base case scenario is provided in Figure 6.