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Timing and Clocking
Published in Vojin G. Oklobdzija, Digital Design and Fabrication, 2017
John George Maneatis, Fabian Klass, Cyrus (Morteza) Afghahi
The closed-loop transient step response of the PLL for different values of ζ and for times normalized to 1/ωN is shown in Fig. 7.7. The step response is generated by instantaneously advancing the phase of the reference input by one radian and observing the output for different damping levels in the time domain. For damping factors below one, the system is underdamped as the PLL output overshoots the final phase and rings at the frequency ωN. The amplitude of the overshoot increases and the rate of decay for the ringing decreases as the damping factors is decreased below one. The fastest settling response is generated with a damping factor of one, where the system is critically damped. For damping factors greater than one, the system is overdamped as the PLL output initially responds rapidly but then takes a long time to reach the final phase. The rate of the initial response increases and the rate of the final response decreases as the damping factor is increased above one.
Control of Robots
Published in Osita D. I. Nwokah, Yildirim Hurmuzlu, The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook, 2017
Miomir Vukobratović, Dragan Stokić
In the functions (22.10)–(22.12) Ci represent constants (which depend on qi0) while ξi represents the damping factor and ωi is the so-called characteristic frequency of the servo. The damping factor ξi defines whether the servo is critically damped, overdamped, or underdamped. If: ξi<1,thentheservoisunderdampedξi=1,thentheservoiscriticallydampedξi>1,thentheservoisoverdamped.
The Damped/Amplified and Forced Oscillator
Published in L.M.B.C. Campos, Linear Differential Equations and Oscillators, 2019
The natural frequency (2.23a) for: (i) the mechanical system increases with increasing resilience of the spring and decreasing mass; (ii) the electrical circuit increases with decreasing induction of the self and capacity of the capacitor. The damping factor (2.23b) for the mechanical system (electrical circuit) increases with increasing damping (resistance) and decreasing mass (induction). The forcing function (2.23c) for the mechanical system (electrical circuit) increases with increasing mechanical applied (electromotive) force and decreasing mass (induction).
Experimental and numerical analysis of different natural fiber polymer composite
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2023
Savendra Pratap Singh, Akriti Dutt, Chetan Kumar Hirwani
Harmonic analysis of 15% coir epoxy, 15% bamboo epoxy and 15% hemp epoxy composite has been performed using ANSYS 2021 R1 for the calculation of damping factor. The obtained frequency deformation response has been shown in Figure 7, 8 and 9 for 15% hemp epoxy composite, 15% bamboo epoxy composite and 15% coir epoxy composite. Damping factor has been calculated by using half power bandwidth method as explained earlier. For 15% hemp fiber composite, from Figure 7 frequency response also known as bode plot reveals that there are four peaks found and corresponding damping factor values predicted using half power bandwidth method. It can be stated that with increase in the value of natural frequency damping factor decreases. Similarly, four peaks are found for 15% bamboo composite and 15% coir composite as shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. Here, peaks indicated the phenomenon of resonance so while working with composite it must be avoided otherwise amplitude may go higher causes failure of composite. The natural frequency and damping factor values in case of hemp fiber are better than bamboo and coir fiber composite. The worst results are obtained for coir fiber composite.
Implementation of solar PV system unified ZSI-based dynamic voltage restorer with U-SOGI control scheme for power quality improvement
Published in Automatika, 2020
T. Jayakumar, Albert Alexander Stonier
The transfer function of the feedback loop for the traditional SOGI algorithm as the orthogonal signal generator (OSG) is derived by the following equation: To decrease the error between sensed and real value, a damping factor is added to this OSG block. To reduce system oscillations during dynamic load changes, the damping factor is applied. A higher value increases the system's oscillation [20,21].