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Electrons in Quantum Wires and Landauer-Büttiker Formalism
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Introductory Nanoelectronics, 2020
Landauer’s formula has great consequences. It leads to the ideas of the quantization of conductance and the statement of minimum limiting quantum value of conductance that occurs in the idealized assumed situation of zero temperature, with neither any scattering in the short-length quantum wire nor any reflections at the quantum wire/contact interface (transmission coefficient of unity). In such an idealistic situation, the conductance is expected to be infinite according to Ohm’s law. Ohm’s law expressing the conductance G of a conductor in terms of its length L, width W, and conductivity σ is given by G=σWL
Fabrication and Modeling of Copper and Carbon Nanotube-Based Through-Silicon Via
Published in Rohit Sharma, Krzysztof Iniewski, Sung Kyu Lim, Design of 3D Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2018
Rohit Sharma, Krzysztof Iniewski, Sung Kyu Lim
Electrical conductance is referred to as the inverse quantity of electrical resistance that can be defined as the ease with which the electric current passes through any material. Therefore, the electrical conductance of a silicon substrate can be expressed as [22] () GSUB=πσln(dpitch2rvia+(dpitch2rvia)2−1)
Technology CAD Tools
Published in Chinmay K. Maiti, Introducing Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD), 2017
The conductance of the insulating film would ideally be considered as zero. But, for the sub-0.5 pm generation of MOS devices there is now considerable conductance being measured on the gate contacts. The negative side of this gate current is responsible for the degradation in device operating characteristics with time. The models are: Fowler–Nordheim tunnelingLucky electron hot-carrier injection modelConcannon’s injection model
Progress and challenges in electrochemical sensing of volatile organic compounds using metal-organic frameworks
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
Pawan Kumar, Ki-Hyun Kim, Parveen Kumar Mehta, Liya Ge, Grzegorz Lisak
A third electrochemical technique that can yield sensory information for VOCs is conductometry (Janata, 2009). Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance and represents the ability of a conductor or device to conduct electricity. The relationships among potential, current, and resistance form the basis of Ohm’s law. As conductometric sensors or resistance sensors are the simplest form of electrochemical sensors, they are often the most desirable sensors for VOC detection (Neri, 2015; Korotcenkov & Cho, 2017; Jamnani, Moghaddam, Leonardi, & Neri, 2018). As MOFs generally lack suitable electrical conductivity, the development of conductometric sensors using MOFs as the active material has not been exploited until recently (Campbell & Dincă, 2017). The development of MOFs with much higher electrical conductivity (Hmadeh et al., 2012; Sheberla et al., 2014) has enabled conductometric sensing at relatively low temperature with minimal power requirements (Campbell, Liu, Swager, & Dincă, 2015; Campbell, Sheberla, Liu, Swager, & Dincă, 2015).
Treatment of brewery wastewater using electro-Fenton and granulated activated carbon
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Adebanji S. Ogbiye, David O. Omole, Kehinde D. Ade-Balogun, Olumuyiwa Onakunle, Olugbenga O. Elemile
Conductivity (or specific conductance) of a solution indicates its ability to conduct electricity. Conductivity in a solution gives a measure of ionic constituent of that solution (Badejo et al., 2015). Figure 2 shows that the conductivity of the solution increased drastically when the pH level was dropped to 2 from its raw state pH of 6.58; the conductivity decreased steadily as the pH level was raised until it reached pH of 4. The study suggests that use of EF or GAC for treatment of conductivity made no difference in the system. The increase in the conductivity of the raw effluent could be attributed to the ions generated from the sulfuric acid which was introduced into the solution to lower the pH. Furthermore, the combined use of EF and GAC yielded comparatively better result for all the samples than the use of EF method alone.