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DTV Fundamentals
Published in Philip J. Cianci, HDTV and the Transition to Digital Broadcasting, 2012
Color television, NTSC II (color TV) slightly altered the frame refresh rate to 29.97 Hz. This was done to facilitate maximum audio and video quality while maintaining compatibility with the earlier black-and-white system. This has resulted in DTV frame rates that can be 30 or 29.97, 60 or 59.94. Film frame rates are 24 or 23.98 fps. These numbers are arrived at by multiplying the whole number rate by 1000/1001.
Regional difference of residential solar panel diffusion in Queensland, Australia
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2020
Haifeng Lan, Zhonghua Gou, Bin Cheng
Technology diffusion is a complex process that combines technology with the economy and market (Utterback 1974). Among all models proposed to estimate technology diffusion, Bass diffusion model, developed by an American management psychologist Frank Bass (1969), is one of the most commonly used models; it has been used as a market analysis tool to quantitatively predict the demand for new products and technologies. From the early times, this model has been applied to washing machine, color television, refrigerators, air conditioners, and other products (Mahajan, Sharma, and Sharma 1986); up to now, its practicability and accuracy have been widely verified in electricity vehicles (Park, Kim, and Lee 2011), information communication technology (Cardenas, Matus, and Bagchi 2012), mobile phones (Tashiro 2016) and Internet (Bertotti and Modanese 2019; Huang and Chen 2010). At the same time, with the development of mathematical-statistical analysis methods, the Bass model has been improved to adapt to different situations (Islam and Meade 1997; Norton and Bass 1987; Pannhorst and Dost 2019).
Transference of SH waves through irregular interface between corrugated piezoelectric layer and prestressed viscoelastic substrate
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2019
Soniya Chaudhary, Sanjeev A. Sahu, Brijendra Paswan
Piezoelectric materials have gained much attention in recent past due to specific type of material property and wide range of their applications. Now a days many problems are studied on shear wave propagation in different media. Materials having linear coupling between mechanical and electric fields are considered as piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric effect is the capability of the definite materials to generate an electric charge when the mechanical stress is applied on it. Piezoelectricity is useful in many applications, such as the production and detection of sound, generation of high voltages, etc. It is also used in the scientific instrumental techniques and in flaming source for cigarette lighters, quartz watches. Surface wave propagation in piezoelectric solids has been used in industries, wireless transmission, technology for color television sets, cell phones and global positioning systems. To prevent the piezoelectric material from showing brittle fracture, the layered piezoelectric structures are usually prestressed during the manufacturing process. As initial stresses are inseparable in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and resonators, analysis of such effects has been done with different approaches. The direct piezoelectric coupling to surface elastic waves has been invented by White and Volter [1]. Chattopadhyay and Pal [2] obtained dispersion curves of SH waves caused by irregularity in the prestressed internal stratum. Problem of SH waves in prestressed layered half space for an incompressible elastic material was discussed by Dowaikh [3]. He has obtained the secular equation for a general strain–energy function. Wang and Quek [4] have investigated the propagation of Love waves in piezoelectric coupled solid media. SH waves in piezoelectric layer have been discussed by Maurizio [5]. Qian et al. [6] have shown the effect of initial stress on the propagation behavior of SH-waves in multilayered composite structures.