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Measurement Method for Orthopaedics
Published in P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino, Non-Invasive Monitoring of Transdermal Drug Delivery, 2022
P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino
Several models were used to describe tissue electrical biological behaviour. However, the model built on the expressions provided by Cole-Cole is even nowadays one of the most widely employed. The Cole-Cole equation describes the relaxation phenomena in dielectrics, and represents a modification of the Debye relaxation. The following expresses the effective dielectric permittivity [188]: ε˙eff(ω)=ε∞+∑nΔεn1+(jωτn)1−αn+σdcjωε0
Radar for Disease Detection and Monitoring
Published in Moeness G. Amin, Radar for Indoor Monitoring, 2017
Huiyuan Zhou, Ram M. Narayanan, Ilangko Balasingham, Rohit Chandra
The broadening of the dispersion could be empirically accounted for by introducing a distribution parameter; thus an alternative Debye expression is given and is known as the Cole–Cole equation: () ε^=ε∞+Δε1+(jωτ)(1−α)
Improvement in the electro-optical and electronic properties of the reduced graphene oxide dispersed in a liquid crystalline material 4’-octyl-4-cyano-biphenyl
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2023
Praveen Kumar Singh, Prashant Dubey, Ravindra Dhar, Roman Dabrowski
Dielectric spectroscopy is a crucial tool for understanding the molecular motion of LCs under the electric field. The fascinating bandwidth of the dielectric spectrum in the MHz range allows for the determination of the molecular dynamics of either individual or collective molecules [55]. The molecular dynamics of LCs are well expressed with the help of this powerful technique. Here to understand the phenomenon of electro-optics and dielectric anisotropy, dielectric study has been done. The real and complex components of permittivity have been measured both with a wide range of frequency and temperature. The dielectric spectra were fitted to the generalised Cole-Cole equation to calculate the relaxation frequencies and other dielectric parameters. The generalised Cole-Cole equation for the complex permittivity (ε*) is given as [56–58],
Impact of dispersed graphene oxide on thermodynamical, optical, electro optical and dielectric properties of nematic liquid crystal
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2022
Praveen Kumar Singh, Prashant Dubey, Roman Dabrowski, Ravindra Dhar
Dielectric spectroscopy is an important technique to study the molecular structure and also deals with the mechanism of molecular process [76]. It deals with the response of molecular mechanism, which is directly related with the macroscopic polarisation of the material. The inducement of dielectric properties is caused by changes in orientations of LC molecules. Various relaxation processes of isotropic liquid and anisotropic liquid crystalline material is deals with this spectroscopic technique. Dielectric spectrum in MHz region covers the interesting molecular dynamics of individual or collective processes [77–79]. The real and complex component of permittivity has been measured in the wide range of frequency and temperature. The dielectric spectra were fitted to the generalised Cole-Cole equation in order to calculate the relaxation frequencies and other dielectric parameters. The generalised Cole-Cole equation for the complex permittivity (ε*) is given as [39,61,80,81]