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The microgrid as a system of systems
Published in Mo Jamshidi, Systems of Systems Engineering, 2017
Control is centralized either in the sense of having all sensor and control channels connected into a common control site, or in the sense of having the generators all reporting to and obeying a single controller over a network. There are technical issues with ensuring that the generation of power is coordinated—having suitably configured droop rates, deciding when to turn generators on or off to follow load, establishing a policy to determine the generation in response to local load, etc.—but the agency controlling the phase and frequency of our local system can use the bulk power supply phase and frequency as reference, and the detail that the power is being generated by an array of microturbines or other such devices can be largely abstracted away, since only minor variation is caused by the slight differences in transmission path between the individual generators and the loads.
Frequency and Voltage Control
Published in Antonio Gómez-Expósito, Antonio J. Conejo, Claudio Cañizares, Electric Energy Systems, 2017
Göran Andersson, Carlos Álvarez Bel, Claudio Cañizares
Sometimes a control function can be implemented both in a centralized and in a decentralized or distributed way. The advantage with a centralized approach is that the control response is usually faster. As the overall optimization is done by the central controller, the controllers on the next level just have to execute the control actions requested. In a decentralized approach, on the one hand, the controllers must await and take into account the actions of other controllers before they act, which slows down the response rate. On the other hand, a distributed scheme is usually more robust against disturbances. A centralized control scheme relies on a central coordinator, and if this is lost, the performance of the whole system could be jeopardized. If the communication is lost in a decentralized scheme, the performance could be degraded but still functions.
Smart Homes in the Crowd of IoT-based Cities
Published in Fadi Al-Turjman, Intelligence in IoT-enabled Smart Cities, 2018
Fadi Al-Turjman, Chadi Altrjman
Home automation protocols are considered to be the communication frames used by the smart home devices to interact with each other, due to the vital role of communication to achieve the required home automation. It involves automatic controlling of all electrical or electronic devices in homes or even remotely through wireless communication. Centralized control of lighting system, air conditioning and heating, audio/video systems, security systems, kitchen appliances, and all other equipment used in home systems are enabled by this kind of protocols. Moreover, implementation of the home automation depends on the type of controls, such as wired or wireless.
Reliability Analysis of Microgrids: Evaluation of Centralized and Decentralized Control Approaches
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Selahattin Garip, Melih Bilgen, Necmi Altin, Saban Ozdemir, Ibrahim Sefa
Centralized and decentralized control are two main approaches to managing the operation of a microgrid’s components, including generation, storage, and distribution systems. Centralized control involves a single controller or control center that manages the operation of all components in the microgrid. The controller communicates and collects data from the all microgrid components and makes decisions about how to operate the system based on this data. The control center has every data. For instance, outages or different operation modes can be observed in the control center of the microgrid. The control center can be located either within the microgrid or remotely, and may use advanced algorithms and models to optimize the system’s operation. However, centralized control and regulation place a heavy reliance on this central control center, which has a negative impact on the system’s scalability and reliability. This makes difficult to expand the microgrids with numerous terminals.
Designing distributed decision-making authorities for smart factories – understanding the role of manufacturing network architecture
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Oliver Antons, Julia C. Arlinghaus
The continuous progress in microcontroller, radio and computer technology in the past decades enabled the now increasingly common implementation of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in manufacturing networks. These CPS exhibit several remarkable abilities, based upon their local computation capabilities, integrated sensors and network interfaces. Thus, they can asses their own status individually, and communicate machining capacities and production demands throughout the manufacturing network. In the past, many manufacturing systems were based on a centralised control architecture, build upon a single controlling entity which collects all available information and subsequently commands the entire manufacturing process. However, based on this feature set of CPS, long theorised concepts of distributed control approaches meet their logical and technical requirements (Aström 1985, 8; Koinoda, Kera, and Kubo 1984, December).
An Intelligent Multi Agent based Approach for Autonomous Energy Management in a Microgrid
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2021
Sujil Areekkara, Rajesh Kumar, Ramesh C Bansal
Initially, most of the researchers in the field of microgrid EMS are concentrated on conventional EMS i.e. centralized control schemes. In the centralized scheme, a microgrid central controller is used to optimize the economic power dispatch for DERs and storage system [6]. As the number of components in the microgrid increase, the central controller faces certain concerns like the requirements of large measurements and it also increases the complexities in solving the optimization problem. Moreover, the chance of single point failure is another major concern in the centralized scheme. This single point failure in the system can cause complete system failure and which questions the reliability of the system [6]. Although the design of a practical centralized MG controller can be achieved with expert systems and heuristic algorithms, it does not guarantee the flexibility and scalability of the system [7].