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Medical Image Processing Environment
Published in Jiří Jan, Medical Image Processing, Reconstruction and Analysis, 2019
Today, the older type of cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitors, providing very good quality images as the gray-scale dynamics or color scale concerns, has been practically replaced by more modern flat liquid-crystal displays (LCD) or even newer OLED displays. We will not discuss the differences in the physics of displaying principles; let us only point to the difference in the source of light: the CRT or OLED screens are themselves the source of light, so that the screens can be really black when needed. Both thus enable a high contrast and brightness dynamics; however, aging of the screens, which are the most expensive parts of monitors, may lead (besides other deterioration) to the lessening of brightness and contrast. The LCD monitor, on the other hand, is backlit by fluorescent lamps or by constantly lighting LEDs that are relatively cheap and can be replaced when needed; this promises a substantially longer service life of LCD (and possibly also the still new OLED) monitors. Other differences important from the image quality point of view will be mentioned below where appropriate.
C
Published in Philip A. Laplante, Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, 2018
categoric input categoric input a nonnumeric (symbolic) input, e.g., gender, color, which is usually fed to a network using one-out-of-N coding. catenation symbols strung together to form a larger sequence, as the characters in a word and the digits in a number. cathode the negative electrode of a device. Contrast with anode. cathode ray tube (CRT) a vacuum tube using cathode rays to generate a picture on a fluorescent screen. These cathode rays are in fact the electron beam deflected and modulated, which impinges on a phosphor screen to generate a picture according to a repetitive pattern refreshed at a frequency usually between 25 and 72 Hz. cathodoluminescent the property of luminescent crystals (phosphors) to emit visible light with bombarded electrons. catoptric an optical system made up of only reflective elements (mirrors). CATV See community-antenna television. depend upon future inputs applied to the circuit, and hence is a causal system. If a system is not causal, then it is noncausal. An ideal filter which will filter in real time all frequencies present in a signal f (t) requires knowledge of { f ( ) : > t}, and is an example of a noncausal system. causality a system H : Xe Xe , or equivalently, an operator that maps inputs from the extended space Xe into outputs from the same space where the output at time t is not a function of future inputs. This can be expressed using truncations as follows: A system H is causal if [H x(·)]T = [H x T (·)]T x Xe
Imaging Devices
Published in Martin Berz, Kyoko Makino, Weishi Wan, An Introduction to Beam Physics, 2014
Martin Berz, Kyoko Makino, Weishi Wan
The cathode ray tubes (CRT) are a class of imaging that have seen wide use in electronic displays, such as the television tube and the oscilloscope. As far as practical use, impact on society, and revenues are concerned, the TV tube was until recently the most important application of particle optics. In this case, for each color an electron beam is deflected vertically and horizontally by two simple magnetic deflectors in order to sweep over the screen area, and the intensity of each beam is adjusted according to the color saturation at the respective point. The cathode ray tubes used in the oscilloscopes use electrostatic deflection plates to achieve high frequency. Yet the limit of a single pair of plates is around 150 MHz, above which the single pair is replaced with segmented pairs of plates. This type of deflector can reach a frequency of 300 MHz. To reach even higher frequency, a double helix line is used to deflect the beam, which has reached 10 to 20 GHz. Nowadays, 33 GHz oscilloscopes are commercially available.
The buildup factor calculations of concrete with different proportions of CRT based on a BP neural network by MCNP
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2021
Han Gao, Xiang Li, Zhanpeng Li, Yidi Wang, Yunan Gao, Wei Tang, Long Chen, Congchong Yan, Yu Tu, Liang Sun
For decades, cathode ray tubes (CRTs) were the main display component of TVs and computers, but light emitting diode(LED) liquid crystal displays are now replacing CRTs. As a result, the number of discarded CRTs has rapidly increased. Because CRTs contain large quantities of lead oxides and other harmful heavy metal oxides, if the electronic waste containing CRTs is directly discarded without proper treatment, it can cause serious harm to the human body and the environment [1]. In the United States, it is estimated that approximately 200 million units of CRTs will require proper waste management from 2013 to 2033, as all CRT technology is expected to reach the end of life in 2033 [2]. At present, in most areas, discarded electronic products, including CRTs, are generally disposed of in landfills [1]. To eliminate the environmental risk of waste CRTs, it is necessary to find appropriate transformation and utilization methods.
Experimental methodology and results for heat gains from various office equipment (ASHRAE RP-1742)
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2018
Omer Sarfraz, Christian K. Bach
InTable 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7the nearly 7 yearsFig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4that have passed since the completion of 1482-RP, there has been a tremendous development in equipment's power management capabilities. Power management of the equipment reduces power consumption while idling by changing clock speed, shutting down individual components (e.g., drives), and switching off the processor in sleep and hibernate modes. At the same time, computing capabilities have increased significantly, leading to the replacement of paper-based documents by electronic documents. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the use of dual monitors (Wilkins and Hosni 2011). Additionally, cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors were replaced by liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors, which then migrated into previously unknown applications. Such applications include new types of office equipment such as large interactive conference room and information displays within buildings, as well as small size screens for lighting controls, smart wired video phones, info screens, and room-use displays.