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Risk, Resilience, and System Dynamics
Published in John C. Ayers, Sustainability, 2017
A key concept in system dynamics is feedback, which is a system response that can amplify or diminish the effects of system perturbations. For example, audio feedback occurs when a microphone is placed in front of a speaker. The microphone detects a sound and sends it to the amplifier and speaker. The speaker plays an amplified version of the sound, which the microphone detects. The sound keeps cycling through the system, growing increasingly loud. This is an example of positive feedback, in which a feedback loop amplifies the original signal or perturbation. Feedbacks occur in all types of systems, including economic systems. For example, a growing economy causes an increased demand for energy, which causes oil prices to rise, which causes a negative feedback that slows or stops economic growth.
Effects of Auditory Feedback on Visually-Guided Movement in Real and Virtual Space
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
In VR, auditory cues to contact did significantly increase throughput, although differences in movement time and precision did not reach significance. The same pattern of results has been reported for an abstract haptic pulse; throughput was significantly increased, but differences in movement time or precision did not reach significance (McAnally & Wallis, 2022). The increase in throughput is consistent with the possibility that auditory or haptic confirmation of contact allows vision to be redeployed toward the next target, rather than being otherwise engaged to monitor contact (Bowman et al., 2009). The redeployment of vision in VR may have been adversely affected by off-axis distortions by the Fresnel lenses of the Vive headset. This distortion could have affected performance in VR in comparison to the real touchscreen, but it remained constant across the audio feedback conditions in VR.
The lateral arm device for mammographic breast procedures: overview of its uses, safety, and efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Amy Kerger, Brandy Griffith, Mitva Patel, Jeffrey Hawley, Stephen P. Povoski
RFR localization does not emit radiation, and there are many different reflector sizes and shapes available for placement. In the operating room, the surgeon utilizes a hand-held radiofrequency reader that provides both visual and audio feedback to the location and unique frequency tag of each reflector. This allows multiple reflectors to be placed in a larger lesion and those tags to be able to be uniquely identified at the time of removal. Like RSL, this type of localizer allows decoupling of the radiology and surgery schedules, allowing for more scheduling options for the surgeon and patient. Radiofrequency tags are large in size (12 mm), sometimes making their placement challenging [7].