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Lithography
Published in Kumar Shubham, Ankaj Gupta, Integrated Circuit Fabrication, 2021
The post-exposure bake is intended to minimize striations of overexposed and underexposed areas through the photoresist caused by the standing-wave effect that might be occurring from the interference between the incident light and the light reflected from the photoresist-substrate interface. In modern processes, a thin Anti Reflective Coating (ARC) layer is often used to help reduce the amount of reflective light.
Optical Receivers and Senders
Published in Abdul Al-Azzawi, Fibre Optics, 2017
Figure 9.7 shows a typical solar panel and its cross-section. Consider a p-n junction with a very narrow and more heavily doped n-region. Solar radiation is incident on the thin n-side. The electrodes attached to the n-side must allow illumination to enter the cell and at the same time have a small series resistance. The electrodes are deposited on the n-side in order to form an array of finger electrodes on the surface. A thin anti-reflection coating on the surface reduces reflections and allows more light to enter the cells.
Performance analysis of high-concentrated multi-junction solar cells in hot climate
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2018
Adel A. Ghoneim, Kandil M. Kandil, Talal H. Alzanki, Mohammad R. Alenezi
There are two types of losses causing a short-circuit current loss: optical loss and recombination loss. Optical losses include reflection loss at semiconductor ambient interface, due to the difference in refractive index. Anti-reflection coating is used to reduce such reflection losses. Because of the limited cell thickness, photons with certain energy can get coupled out of the cell without being absorbed. The short-circuit current density is