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Disposable Bioreactors
Published in Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Disposable Bioprocessing Systems, 2016
There is still interest in developing photo bioreactors, and Applikon has recently made a disposable offering (Figure 5.10). A number of recent studies have demonstrated that normal plants could be grown under light-emitting diode light sources very efficiently. These solid-state lamps (SSLs) are tiny semiconductor chips that generate light when powered. The elements that the diode is made from determine the light spectrum it emits. These solid-state devices have been improved over the years and now have greatly increased light intensity and specific wavelengths. These developments have resulted in SSL as a self-contained light source for plant growth. Applikon has chosen to develop light panels that are add-on modules for our standard stirred tank and single-use bioreactors. This offers maximum flexibility and a very economical setup for cultivating photosynthesizing organisms. The volume range covers 3 L up to 20 L autoclavable stirred-tank bioreactors and 10 up to 50 L single use bioreactors. SSL plant light has unique characteristics that are useful for plant growth applications. An important characteristic is the spectral distribution of light in the wavelengths region of 450–500 nm and 630–700 nm; these bands are critical for normal plant growth as they fall within the photosynthetically active radiation, PAR, (400–700 nm), which plants primarily use for biological processes and are also favorable for confined applications such as micropropagation.
Light-Emitting Diodes Based on n-ZnO/n-Si(GaAs) Isotype Heterojunctions
Published in Zhe Chuan Feng, Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials, 2012
Figure 6.3a shows the EL spectra with current injection from 40 to 138 mA as well as the emission photo of ZnO/n-Si isotype diode. The emission occurs only when Si is positively biased. Orange-color emission (centered at ~600 nm), which originated from defects, was clearly observed by naked eyes. Other than the defect-related emission, there is an ultraviolet (UV) emission peaking at 390 nm. The UV emission originated from the ZnO excitonic emission, which is red-shifted by about 10 nm compared with the PL peak. Structural defects, such as grain boundary in polycrystalline ZnO film can form band-tail states near band edge. The density of injected nonequilibrium carriers by electric current is far lower than that excited by laser in PL measurement. The low density of injected carriers will mainly fill the band-tail states, leading to the red-shift of near-band-edge (NBE) emission. In contrast to ZnO/Si isotype diodes, ZnO/Si p-n diodes exhibit whitish EL with a positive bias on Si, as shown in Figure 6.3b. It can be seen that the EL spectrum covers a wide range from 360 to 850 nm and centered at ~520 nm.
2,3-Butanediol production using soy-based nitrogen source and fermentation process evaluation by a novel isolate of Bacillus licheniformis BL1
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Arijit Das, Gunjan Prakash, Arvind M. Lali
Optical measurement was done using a spectrophotometer at 600 nm (Multiscan, Thermo Scientific, USA). Samples were initially filtered through a 0.2 µm pore-sized nylon filter (Axiva Sichem Biotech) to separate cells from fermentation broth. Different metabolite concentrations were determined in fermentation broth using an Agilent 1100 series HPLC system equipped with a refractive index detector (RID) and Aminex HPX 87H column maintained at 65 °C. The isocratic mobile phase consisted of 5 mM H2SO4 with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The order of elution was as follows: glucose (9.3 min), succinic acid (11.8 min), lactic acid (13.0 min), formic acid (14.0 min), acetic acid (15.2 min), acetoin (17.8 min), Meso-2,3-BDO (18.6 min), D-2,3-BDO (19.6 min), and ethanol (22.1 min).
Effect of concentrated solar radiation on the morphology of the silver nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2019
Sai Krishna C. Sastry, Nilesh L. Jadhav, Sarjerao B. Doltade, Dipak V. Pinjari
XRD was carried out to confirm the synthesised Ag NPs. Particles were analysed by XRD – BRUKER D8 ADVANCE. The diffracted intensities were recorded from 5° to 80°. The X-Ray Diffractometer which was used for studies was equipped with Cu-kα radiations. FTIR was operated at ATR mode and scanning was carried out in the range of 800–4000 cm−1. The spectrum was recorded using the model Shimadzu Japan (8400S). UV–VIS analysis was carried out with model UV-1800, 240 V (SHIMADZU CORP.). The range of wavelength was set from 200 to 600 nm and was operated at 1 nm resolution. The particle size of synthesised nanoparticles was analysed by ‘ZETASIZER: Nano series’ (Model: ZEN3690). Nanoparticles were dispersed in deionised water before analysis. Z-average size and PDI of nanoparticles was found from the analysis. Intensity was recorded as a function of particle size. Scanning electron microscope was utilised to check the size and morphology of the various samples of the nanoparticles synthesised (SEM Model: TESCAN, operated at a voltage of 10 kV). Synthesised PVP-Ag NPs were subjected to Transmission electron microscope (TEM model: CM 200, it was operated at 20–200 kV with a resolution of 2.4 Ao).
Research on the behaviors of extending thermochromic colors for a new thermochromic microcapsule
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Xiaoguang Ma, Shang Zhao, Liang Wang, HuaJian Zhou
Matched-orange was prepared by the superposition of TCMs-R, TCMs-Y. In the visible light range, the wavelength of orange light was about 590–610 nm. Figure 11 indicated that there was a peak at 600 nm which was within the range of orange light. At the same time, the matched-orange also had a higher reflectivity at the wavelength above 650 nm, which was in the wavelength range of red light at 610–760 nm. This result indicated that the matched-orange was biased towards orange-red color.