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EEG-Based BCI Systems for Neurorehabilitation Applications
Published in Mridu Sahu, G. R. Sinha, Brain and Behavior Computing, 2021
Muhammad Ahmed Khan, Rig Das, John Paulin Hansen, Sadasivan Puthusserypady
The BCI-Robotics and BCI-FES based rehabilitation systems have delivered promising results; however, these methodologies are not able to introduce an element of “therapy motivation” among the patients. Therefore, with time, patients lose their interest, focus, and enthusiasm to perform the rehabilitation exercises. To overcome this shortcoming and to maximize the effectiveness of rehabilitation, the patients must be provided with some exciting and appealing environments. As a result, augmented and VR technologies have stepped into the neurorehabilitation field. Virtual reality is a 3D virtual environment, which allows a user to experience and interact with a simulated environment in a realistic way. The combination of VR with BCIs in stroke rehabilitation is in the emerging phase, where VR makes a patient feel like a part of a virtual clinical setting. The patient is provided with a thrilling and entertaining task, which causes the activation of more neural circuits and produces an improved motor recovery. Additionally, the performance of the VR-BCI system is further increased by combining with motion controlling units (like FES, haptic, and robotics support), hence, creating a BCI controlled VR-based hybrid system. The list of widely used VR-based neurorehabilitation systems is shown in Figure 8.10 and the characteristics of VR-based hybrid BCI systems are elucidated in Table 8.14.
Managing Legal and Physical Complexities of Urban Environments
Published in Rajabifard Abbas, Atazadeh Behnam, Kalantari Mohsen, BIM and Urban Land Administration, 2019
Rajabifard Abbas, Atazadeh Behnam, Kalantari Mohsen
The important factors considered in the development of visualization prototypes are the data format, platform, and visualization tool. Data format refers to the format of 3D digital data used for visualization. Currently, there is a wide range of 3D digital data formats such as FBX, KML, OBJ, COLLADA, VRML, 3DS and so on. The platform used for visualization could be a desktop, web-based, or mobile environment. The tools used for visualization rely on CAD, GIS, or their own customized environment. Understanding the needs and requirements of end users plays a fundamental role in the development of a usable 3D visualization system for urban land administration. There is a broad range of end users in urban land administration, such as local governments, land surveyors, land registries, lawyers, owners, facility managers, and utility companies.
Biomedical Applications of 3D Printing
Published in Jince Thomas, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Jiya Jose, Nanoparticles in Polymer Systems for Biomedical Applications, 2019
M. S. Neelakandan, V. K. Yadu Nath, Bilahari Aryat, Parvathy Prasad, Sunija Sukumaran, Jiya Jose, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal
Orthopaedics is a surgical discipline that is commonly tied to biomedical engineering, which has been applied to different orthopaedic disciplines, ranging from trauma surgery, joint arthroplasty, and tumor surgery to deformity correction. From preoperative planning to training and education to implant designing, the use of 3D printing is rising and has become more prevalent in medical applications over the last decade as surgeons and researchers are increasingly utilizing the technology’s flexibility in manufacturing objects. 3D printing is a type of manufacturing process in which materials such as plastic or metal are deposited in layers to create a 3D object from a digital model. (1) The process is distinct from traditional manufacturing methods; in that, it is an additive rather than a subtractive process. Specifically, in surgical applications, the 3D printing techniques can not only generate models that give a better understanding of the complex anatomy and pathology of the patients (2) but can also produce patient-specific instruments (PSIs)68–76 or even custom implants77,78 that are tailor-made to the surgical requirements.
Smart mirror fashion technology for better customer brand engagement
Published in International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 2023
Mian Wang, Jamie Marsden, Briony Thomas
Augmented Reality (AR) is a type of technology that overlays digital content, such as images, text, or 3D models, onto the real world (Kipper & Rampolla, 2012). AR technology, therefore, combines the real world with virtual information, creating an experience that allows users to interact with digital objects in a natural and intuitive way (Radu & Schneider, 2019). SMFT takes AR innovation a step further by integrating AR technology into a physical display. By combining AR with a mirror display, SMFT enables customers to virtually try on the augmented products on the display screen without the need for removing clothing. This technology layers the virtual objects over the actual environment to mix the virtual world with reality, simulating a realistic fitting experience. AR technology, therefore, provides brands with a dynamic opportunity to engage with customers by conveniently projecting brand products upon customers’ bodies within the physical retail environment.
An experimental study of consumers’ impulse buying behaviour in augmented reality mobile shopping apps
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2022
Jengchung Victor Chen, Sirapattra Ruangsri, Quang-An Ha, Andree E. Widjaja
Augmented Reality (AR) is considered as an enhanced real-time view of the physical setting, which adds virtual computer-generated images to a real environment, such as a three-dimensional model (3D) appearing through the screen (e.g. smart phones) in the real-time (Shin 2019). The advanced AR technology allows users to have a boundless interaction between virtual and physical worlds in the context of reality (Kim 2013), which can significantly improve customers’ service experiences in the way it enhances the users’ perceptions through their senses in the real world (Mota et al. 2018). To date, the use of AR has been growing rapidly over the last decade. Statista (2020a) reported the forecast of the AR market reaching up to 18.8 billion USD in 2020 and it is projected to continue to expand considerably, reaching over 18 billion USD with 2.4 billion global users in 2023.
Building 3D geological model using non-uniform gridding for Mishrif reservoir in Garraf oilfield
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Sarah Kamil Abdulredah, Mohammed Saleh Al-Jawad
The geological model of the reservoir is one of the essential stages in a typical reservoir study’s workflow, both in terms of the work required and the impact on the outcome. In terms of geometry and petrophysical characteristics, the static reservoir description is one of the influencing factors in determining field production (Cosentino 2001). Quantitative modeling of geological processes requires an understanding of the spatial organization of subsurface formations. Before any geostatistical investigation or simulation of a physical process, a good grasp of how rocks are spatially set out in 3D is required (Yu, Davies, and Sherrard 2000). The 3D model is the method of developing a mathematical representation of any 3D surface of an object via a specialized software system (Abeed, Lazim, and Hamied 2019). Connecting data from a wellbore to a 3D geological model is essential to producing effective reservoir simulations. Multi-integrated properties can be used to define a 3D geological model. Each cell in the geological model can be given attributes, and the quantitative reservoir models frequently depend on the cell. These models pose significantly more hurdles to the geologist than do traditional models since geology necessitates a full justification at every location inside the 3D volume of a reservoir (Radwan 2022)