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TFET-Based Flash Analog-to-Digital Converter
Published in Shubham Tayal, Abhishek Kumar Upadhyay, Deepak Kumar, Shiromani Balmukund Rahi, Emerging Low-Power Semiconductor Devices, 2023
Therefore, from the above equation, it is clear that V4 is the voltage that is present at the input of the inverter, I1. If Vin > Vref, the input at inverter I1 would be less than VDD/2, which makes the output of the inverter logic high (VDD), which is 0.9 V. Similarly, for Vin < Vref, the voltage of node 4 would be greater than VDD/2. This implies that the input of the inverter has a voltage greater than VDD/2, which leads to having an output voltage corresponding to logic 0(0V). There is a possibility that the circuit may not generate proper high and low voltages at the output of inverter I1–I3 that helps in getting full voltage levels of 0.9 and 0 V corresponding to logic high and logic low. I2 separates the latch and the comparator during sample mode, while I3 acts as a buffer for hold mode.
Nonlinear Echo Cancellation
Published in Andrzej Borys, Nonlinear Aspects of Telecommunications, 2018
for this nonlinear passband canceller. In Equation 2.108, c(i), i 0, 1, ..., Mê 1, correspond to g(1)(i), i 0, 1, ..., Mê 1, and c(i1, i2, i3), i1, i2, i3 0, 1, ..., Mê 1, correspond to g (*3 ) (i1, i2, i3), i1, i2, i3 0, 1, ..., Me 1, respectively. Furthermore, when Me Mê , the number of elements c(i) will be identical with that of g(1)(i); and similarly, the numbers of elements c(i1, i2, i3) and g (*3 ) (i1, i2, i3) will be identical as well. In the case of Me Mê, some elements in one set will not be represented by the corresponding elements in the second set. A general scheme of nonlinear echo cancellation with the use of a nonlinear complex-valued transversal filter, having the description in the form of êa(k) given by Equation 2.108, is presented in Figure 2.50. Comparing the structure of Figure 2.50 with that of Figure 2.45a, we see that the only difference between them lies in the type of transversal filter applied. In Figure 2.45a, we have a linear complex-valued transversal filter, in contrast to the structure of Figure 2.50, where a nonlinear complex-valued transversal filter is applied. Furthermore, comparing the structure of Figure 2.50 with the corresponding description given by Equation 2.108, observe that the nonlinear transversal filter output signal ê(k) is given by
Membrane Transport/Solution-Diffusion Model
Published in Takeshi Matsuura, Synthetic Membranes and Membrane Separation Processes, 2020
Basic transport equations are applied to a mixed solute system involving several ions in aqueous solutions. Equations 5.47, 5.50, 5.24, 5.60, and 5.55, given earlier for single-solute systems, can be rewritten in analogous forms for the above mixed-solute systems, as follows: () JB=A[(p2−p3)−π(∑Xi2∗)mixt+π(∑Xi3∗)mixt] () Ji∗=Dim∗Ki2∗δc2Xi2∗−Dim∗Ki3∗δc3Xi3∗ () ki∗cmXim∗cXi∗ () Xi2∗=Xi3∗+(Xi1∗−Xi3∗)exp(JB+∑ji∗kc)
Multi-mode capital-constrained project payment scheduling model considering bonus-penalty structure
Published in International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 2020
We present the results of our computational experiment on the four solution methods for the considered MCCPPSP with bonus-penalty structure. The algorithms are tested on a dataset constructed by ProGen project generator (Kolisch & Sprecher, 1997). The set consists of 400 instances and the parameter setting used to generate the instances is presented in Table 4. For investigating the effect of three key parameters including ICA, , and, their value is set at three levels as given in Table 5. A full factorial experiment of the three parameters with three levels results in instances in total. Other parameters are set as, , , and . The algorithms are coded and compiled in C++ and performed on a X86-based PC with Intel core i3 CPU processor and 4GB of RAM.
Test Pattern Generator for MV-Based QCA Combinational Circuit Targeting MMC Fault Models
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
The basic ATPG is implemented in C++ and all the experiments are conducted on workstation of Core i3 processor with 2.4 GHz and 4.00GB RAM. To test the proposed ATPG, the synthesized circuit based on QCA must be available. Due to the unavailability of open source and any low cost commercial synthesis tool, we have developed the synthesis process for QCA circuits. Considering the length of the paper, the synthesis method is not discussed here. Our synthesis method converts the MCNC benchmark circuits available in Berkeley Logic Interchange Format “blif” format into the ATPG compatible, International Symposium on Circuit and System format. The synthesis tool comprises Perl script and logic reduction algorithm. This synthesis method in presented in depth in [25].
Parametric study for hydraulic design of air-bubble injections to control scour around circular bridge piers
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2023
Elham Izadinia, Manouchehr Heidarpour
The dimensionless centerline profile of the scour hole for the complete and half bubble screens are illustrated in Figure 4(b). A scour hole develops all-around a pier with a maximum depth located upstream of the bridge pier on the centerline axis. As expected, the maximal scour depth and sedimentation is detected in R-1. The minimal sedimentation at the rear of the pier is observed in the test of H-1-I3. The maximal spatial extent was obtained for the case of C-1-I3. As mentioned, in the complete collar with injections in the third row, the scour depth increased compared to the test C-1. Accordingly, it needs additional investigations, which will clarify in the next section.