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Supporting Development of Online Task Guidance for Software System Users: Lessons From the WITS Project
Published in Charles P. Bloom, R. Bowen Loftin, Facilitating the Development and Use of Interactive Learning Environments, 2020
Robert Farrell, Lawrence S. Lefkowitz
Generic ITSs have been created for teaching troubleshooting and maintenance of complex electronic devices (Massey, Bruin, & Roberts, 1988) and programming (Anderson, Boyle, Corbett, & Lewis, 1990). However, there are few generic tutors for software systems. There are numerous generic tutors for text editors and word-processing systems, including the generic Tutor N Trainer (Egan, Nakatani, Shaw, & Hawley, 1987) that used synthesized speech to teach about the UNIX screen-based text editor, vi. However, the only ITS we know of that generically addresses form-based computer systems is LEAP (see Bloom’s chapter), which used WITS technology to interact with the operations system.
Hacking a drone
Published in Ralph DeFrangesco, Stephanie DeFrangesco, The Big Book of Drones, 2023
Ralph DeFrangesco, Stephanie DeFrangesco
Start by typing “help” at the command prompt (#). Typing help will show the built-in commands the device uses. As mentioned earlier, the Parrot AR uses BusyBox, a Linux-like operating system, and uses very similar commands. The following commands might be helpful (all commands are in lower case): cat – Short for concatenate. This command shows the contents of a text file. Windows uses the “type” command. To use this command type cat <file-name>.cd – Change directory. Used to more from one directory to another. This is similar to the Windows “cd” command. To use this command, type cd <directory>.ls – List. This can be used to list files in a directory. This is similar to the Windows “dir” command. To use this command, type ls.pwd – Print working directory. This shows the current directory you are in. There is no Windows equivalent, but looking at the prompt will show the current directory you are in. To use this command, type pwd.vi – This is one of the oldest editors in Unix. You can use this command to edit a file by typing “vi <file_name”. There are books and tutorials on how to use this editor, so it will not be covered in depth here. One of the equivalents in Windows is using “notepad <file_name>”.
Geologic database management
Published in Martin Lloyd Smith, Geologic and Mine Modelling using Techbase and Lynx, 2020
In Lynx, the process of defining a database is much simpler than in Techbase due to a more structured set of default project variables. Only those variables which are not among the default key words (not to be confused with Techbase Key fields) need to be defined. The disadvantage of Lynx’s highly structured approach to geologic data is a loss of flexibility in importing and manipulating data within the database. Lynx relies on the import and export of ASCII files and the availability of Unix editor facilities such as AWK, ED, VI and SED to process data files. Both Techbase’s and Lynx’s data management strategies are well suited to their environments, DOS versus Unix.
Properties and mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction by K2FeO4 in presence of Mn(II)
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Liang Xu, Fenglian Fu, Peijing Yu, Guangzhao Sun
In order to gain a better understanding of Cr(VI) removal by Fe(VI) with Mn(II), additional experiments were performed on the removal efficiency variation of Cr(VI) in in-situ [Fe(VI) to Mn(II)/Cr(VI)] and ex-situ [Fe(VI)/Mn(II) to Cr(VI)] at initial pH 3.0 and 7.0 (Figure 7) [35]. The in-situ and ex-situ removal efficiency differed by about 10% at 5 min, which might be that more Mn(II) ions were adsorbed on the ferrate reduction products surface in the initial stage of the in-situ reaction, thereby promoting the Cr(VI) adsorption [43]. As the reaction proceeded, the difference in removal efficiency gradually became smaller, and after reaction, the removal efficiency of in-situ and ex-situ surpassed were over 91.0% at initial pH 7.0. It indicated the removal process of Cr(VI) in ex-situ was similar to that in in-situ. Because the removal process was relatively stable regardless of the order of Fe(VI) addition, it was only related to the reduction products of MnOx and Fe(VI) produced by the reaction. This was also reflected in the effect of pH on desorption of Cr(VI) from ferric particle, which were listed in Fig. S5.
An ex-situ and in vitro approach towards the bioremediation of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Neethu Kamarudheen, Sona P. Chacko, Catherin A. George, Rakhi Chettiparambil Somachandran, K. V. Bhaskara Rao
Herein, Ustilago sps generally regarded to be pathogenic fungi were utilized for bioremediation of the carcinogenic heavy metal Chromium (VI). There was substantial reduction in Cr (VI) level as observed through ex-situ and in-vitro studies. The presence of high levels of Cr (VI) contained in yeast cells after treatment was found to complex with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide and form 1,5-diphenyl carbazide-Cr (VI) complex which was detected at 540 nm, thus suggesting the mode of removal of Cr (VI) from the reaction system. The presence of Cr as its original form, Cr (VI) in the cells of yeast directed us to conclude that the mode of bioremediation was via biosorption. This indicates that the yeast is not metabolically involved in the conversion of Cr (VI) by the help of enzymatic reactions. Thus, the study proves the ability of the yeast Ustilago spp. for bioremediation of chromium.
Predicting and researching adsorption configurations of pyridazine on Si(100) surface by means of X-ray spectroscopies in theory
Published in Molecular Physics, 2020
Jun-Rong Zhang, Yong Ma, Yong Zhou, Xiu-Neng Song, Chuan-Kui Wang
Furthermore, considering the experimental limitations (eg. resolution), we have also only focused on the identification of Mode II, Mode III, Mode V and Mode VI. Since the measured XPS spectra for pyridazine on Si surface would likely be a weighted average of the contribution of these four modes (which with significantly higher adsorption energy are most likely to appear in experiment). For theoretical XPS spectra of these four adsorption systems, Mode III has four characteristic peaks, Mode V possess two characteristic peaks. Therefore, the number of peaks (four/two) can be used as fingerprints for Mode III/V. For Mode II and Mode VI with three characteristic peaks, the peaks of Mode VI are discrete. While in the characteristic peak of Mode II, the peak a is a weak shoulder peak of peak b. In this way, three separate peaks can be used to identify Mode II and Mode VI.