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WirelessHART, The Leading Technology for Industrial Wireless Networked Control Systems
Published in Tran Duc Chung, Rosdiazli Ibrahim, Vijanth Sagayan Asirvadam, Nordin Saad, Sabo Miya Hassan, TM, 2017
Tran Duc Chung, Rosdiazli Ibrahim, Vijanth Sagayan Asirvadam, Nordin Saad, Sabo Miya Hassan
WirelessHART supports time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) to provide fully-redundant mesh routing and offers very high reliability for data transmission (up to 99.999%). The TDMA mechanism (see Figure 2.2) is described as follows [10]. Given a time slot, both wireless source and destination must be active during this transmission time slot. First, the transmission starts, and the message is sent from the source to the destination. When the destination receives the message, if required, it needs to send back to the source an acknowledgment message stating whether the message has been received successfully or not. This is to ensure reliable communication in the network. The offset time before the transmission starts is to make sure the destination has sufficient time to start up its initialization operation (e.g., wake up from sleep) and actively listen to the message sent from the source. Similarly, before the acknowledgment message is sent, there is a buffer time for the source to change its state to listening mode (being a destination). To guarantee successful communication, both source and destination need to know when the time slot for communication between them starts. Thus, a network-wide time synchronization mechanism is applied to all nodes in the network on a periodic basis. A superframe is a set of several continuous time slots for communication between one pair of the network devices. Often, it is used to improve communication reliability in the network.
Machine Condition Monitoring with Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
Published in V. Çağri Güngör, Gerhard P. Hancke, Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, 2017
WirelessHART is a wireless mesh network communication method designed to meet the needs for process automation applications [42]. The timeslots of WirelessHART are fixed length, 10 ms each, and organized by the superframe. Frequency hopping on a packet by packet basis and channel blacklisting techniques are used in WirelessHART to enhance the system robustness. Currently, WirelessHART is supported by many instrumentation suppliers, such as ABB [8] and Pepperl+Fuchs [32]. As an interoperable standard, WirelessHART provides an easy way to setup, operate, and maintain a wireless sensor network [39]. In addition, it is compliant with the existing HART devices and systems.
Wireless Sensor Networks for Automation
Published in Richard Zurawski, Networked Embedded Systems, 2017
Security is mandatory in WirelessHART; there is no option to turn it off or to scale it up/down. WirelessHART provides end-to-end and hop-to-hop security measures through payload encryption and message authentication on the network and data-link layers. However, the security measures are transparent to the application layer.
On the Reliability of Industrial Internet of Things from Systematic Perspectives: Evaluation Approaches, Challenges, and Open Issues
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
Dong-Seong Kim, Tran-Dang Hoa, Huynh-The Thien
For using wireless technologies in industrial communication networks, WirelessHART [138] is the first wireless communication technology standard that is widely used for IWSNs to achieve the required reliability and real-time performance [139,140]. WirelessHART provides very high reliability for data transmission by combining two mechanisms: (1) direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and (2) frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). To ensure reliable and real-time communication in highly unreliable environments, IWSNs are viewed as a connected graph to support routing implementations. There are a number of solutions to generate the graphs depending on the application requirements. For instance, the authors in [141] propose a distributed graph routing protocol for WirelessHART networks based on the Bellman-Ford Algorithm, and generate all routing graphs together by using a single algorithm. The proposed graph routing can include a path between a source and a destination with cost (in terms of hop-count) at most three times the optimal cost and minimizes the problem (time and energy consumption to maintain reliability) facing the existing centralized approach graph-routing algorithm. Industrial devices operate on batteries in harsh environments where changing batteries is prohibitively labor-intensive, WirelessHART networks need to achieve a long network lifetime. To meet industrial demand for long-term reliable communication, the study [142] solved the problem of maximizing network lifetime for WirelessHART networks using graph routing. Regarding the reliability requirements of industrial wireless mesh networks, the work [143] defines three types of reliable routing graphs for different communication purposes. The associated recovery mechanisms in the event of component failures are presented or the three graphs. Based on these graphs, data link layer communication schedules are generated to achieve efficient performance with highly reliable routing, improved communication latency, and stable real-time communication in large-scale networks at the cost of modest overhead in device configuration.