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Software and Technology Standards as Tools
Published in Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Learning Engineering Toolkit, 2023
Jim Goodell, Andrew J. Hampton, Richard Tong, Sae Schatz
Web-based architectures (such as for online learning) make use of web standards (such as HTML) and internet-connected systems (such as web browsers and mobile devices). Modern web-based applications are also built in modular ways, using data and interface standards that make it easier to accommodate new content, software, and learning scenarios. Modular designs that use publicly available software interface standards (versus one-off or proprietary interface designs) let you add or remove software elements—like LEGO bricks. These are called open systems architectures or modular open systems approach (MOSA) architectures.
A Dutch Concept Library (CB-NL) to support BIM for the life cycle
Published in Jaap Bakker, Dan M. Frangopol, Klaas van Breugel, Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems, 2017
The CB-NL will be modelled using Web Ontology Language (OWL; Michael Smith et al., 2012). OWL is a vocabulary extension of Rich Document Format (RDF; Hayes, P. 2004). OWL is the most important contribution to have been made by the so-called ‘Semantic Web Activity’ within the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The W3C is the organization which is also responsible for the open web standards that drive the World Wide Web on top of the Internet (HTTP, URI, HTML, XML, XSD, XPath, XQuery, and many more).
Grid Security Architecture: Requirements, Fundamentals, Standards and Models
Published in Yang Xiao, Security in Distributed, Grid, Mobile, and Pervasive Computing, 2007
Jose L. Vivas, Javier Lopez, Jose A. Montenegro
World Wide Web Consortium. The W3C [42] is an international organization initiated in 1994 to develop Web standards and guidelines, and promote common and interoperable protocols. It created the first Web services specification in 2003, focusing on SOAP and the Web Services Description Language (WSDL).
A User Study on the Comparison of View Interfaces for VR-AR Communication in XR Remote Collaboration
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Eunhee Chang, Yongjae Lee, Byounghyun Yoo
The present remote collaboration system was implemented based on immersive web1 technologies. In our previous studies, we developed the WXR system, which allows users to have the same experience regardless of the XR devices used if the device’s browsers support web standards (Lee & Yoo, 2021). The server program was implemented with Node.js and MariaDB and ran on a PC (Intel Xeon E5-2699 v4 2.2 GHz CPU, 64 GB DDR4 RAM) under the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system. The client program was implemented using A-Frame (v1.2.0) (Marcos et al., 2023), an open-source web framework for creating VR scenes. The client program runs in all browsers supporting web standards, and users can connect any device to the browsers using the WebXR Device API (World Wide Web Consortium, 2022). Because of the absence of an object tracking function for the WebXR Device API, we additionally implemented a custom web browser for iOS using the WebKit and ARKit frameworks.
VIREO: Web-based Graphical Authoring of Vibrotactile Feedback for Interactions with Mobile and Wearable Devices
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Mihail Terenti, Radu-Daniel Vatavu
A simple way to implement DR4 is for the target device to support web standards (eg, HTML), web languages (eg, JavaScript), and data-interchange formats designed for the web (eg, JSON), just like VIREO. This requirement is met by all smartphones and by many wearables with integrated Wi-Fi functionality. Some wearables, such as smartwatches running Tizen OS, can even be programmed with web technology alone, such as HTML and JavaScript.10 Also, web languages are becoming increasingly popular among developers, eg, “as of early 2020, JavaScript and HTML/CSS were the most commonly used programming languages among software developers around the world, with nearly 68 percent of respondents stating that they used JavaScript and 63.5 percent using HTML/CSS,” according to a Statista April 2021 report.11 The web-based orientation of VIREO (requirement DR1) makes this desideratum easily implementable on the web, ie, target devices can access a dedicated web page generated automatically by VIREO that enables controlled access to vibrotactile patterns. Thus, we add another requirement for VIREO that contours its scope more precisely:DR5: JavaScript-orientation. Target devices that integrate with VIREO or for which VIREO exports vibrotactile feedback patterns support JavaScript applications, either natively or in a web browser.
Cyber-Physical Systems: a multi-criteria assessment for Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2021
Edgar M. Silva, Ricardo Jardim-Goncalves
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit organisation in technological openness and interoperability. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) focusses on bringing the IoT global technical community together, providing a platform where professionals can learn and share knowledge. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and its smooth operation and aims to extend the Web architecture to most constrained networks. Object Management Group (OMG) is an international, open membership, not-for-profit technology standards consortium (addressed here are MDA, DDS and SysML). World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community working on Web standards, which created a community group to easy the adoption and development of Web of Things standards. Organisation for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) is a global not-for-profit consortium, which focusses on IoT, security, energy, etc.