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A brief history of APIs
Published in Uwe Engel, Anabel Quan-Haase, Sunny Xun Liu, Lars Lyberg, Handbook of Computational Social Science, Volume 2, 2021
After an ecosystem had emerged around the APIs, the providers reclaimed control. In 2011, Twitter had more than 750,000 registered third-party apps (Sarver, 2011). Instead of developing apps of their own, Twitter acquired some of the most popular clients. This included Tweetie, an unofficial app for using Twitter on iPhones (2010), and the social media dashboard application TweetDeck (2011). Moreover, the social media aggregation service Gnip was acquired (2014). At the same time, the opportunities for third-party clients were limited by the terms of the services and some changes in the architecture: “We’ve already begun to more thoroughly enforce our Developer Rules of the Road with partners, for example with branding, and in the coming weeks, we will be introducing stricter guidelines around how the Twitter API is used” (Sippey, 2012). The first version of the API was shut down in early 2013 after the possible impact had been evaluated with blackout tests (Twitter, 2013).
Social Media in Crisis Management: An Evaluation and Analysis of Crisis Informatics Research
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2018
Christian Reuter, Amanda Lee Hughes, Marc-André Kaufhold
Examples of systems that have been built include a growing number of public, scientific, and commercial applications for managing social media in crisis. Pohl (2013) compares and classifies these applications by whether they (a) consider one or several social media platforms for monitoring, (b) were directly or indirectly developed for crisis management, and (c) perform different kinds of analysis, such as monitoring or sentiment analysis. Many systems support some of these requirements (e.g., Ushahidi (Okolloh, 2009), TweetDeck (Twitter, 2014), Twitcident (Terpstra, De Vries, Stronkman, & Paradies, 2012), Tweak the Tweet (Starbird & Stamberger, 2010), TwitInfo (Marcus et al., 2011), SensePlace2 (Robinson, Savelyev, Pezanowski, & MacEachren, 2013), XHELP (Reuter et al., 2015a), CrowdMonitor (Ludwig, Siebigteroth, & Pipek, 2015), and PIO Monitoring Application (Hughes & Shah, 2016)). However, these systems are limited as many of them have syntactical requirements for the user, do not provide cross-platform structures, just focus on Twitter (Marcus et al., 2011; Terpstra et al., 2012), or require the use of a new platform and therefore fail to integrate ICT into existing networks (Marcus et al., 2011; McClendon & Robinson, 2012; Robinson et al., 2013; Terpstra et al., 2012; Twitter, 2014). Thus, there continues to be a need for new and improved systems that support social media use in times of crisis.