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Unified Computer Arithmetic for Handheld GPUs
Published in Krzysztof Iniewski, Circuits at the Nanoscale, 2018
Byeong-Gyu Nam, Hyejung Kim, Hoi-Jun Yoo
The texture mapping is applied to enhance the realism of 3D graphics scenes. This operation is to wrap a 3D model object with two-dimensional (2D) texture images, which were obtained by scanning the surface of the original 3D object in real space. Thus, texture mapping can easily represent the surface details such as surface color and roughness. The depth test is performed to remove hidden pixels in a polygon. It compares current depth value with the previous one in the depth buffer to decide whether the current pixel should be discarded or not. The blending is also applied to modulate the pixel colors from lighting and texture mapping or to represent translucent object by blending the new pixel color with the previous one on the 2D screen.
Sizing up the Situation: A Three-dimensional Human Figure Modeling Framework for Military Systems Design
Published in Pamela Savage-Knepshield, John Martin, John Lockett, Laurel Allender, Designing Soldier Systems, 2018
There are several methods in use today for constructing clothing models for 3D human figures. One of the popular methods employed is texture-mapping (Figure 17.7), which is analogous to wrapping a 2D image or picture around a 3D object. This method allows one to place intricate pattern designs and prints on the clothing model. For military analyses, camouflage patterns can be texture-mapped onto the human figure for an added realistic appearance. Texture-mapping is often used for virtual reality and gaming applications, where real-time human figure motion is critical or an added degree of visual realism is desired. However, its use as a sole means of simulating clothing adds no bulk or thickness to the human figure. Also, it does not help to simulate any of the other physical properties of clothing material. For these reasons then, texture-mapping alone is usually not employed for clothing models when performing an ergonomic analysis except to enhance appearance.
Creation of 3D printed fashion prototype with multi-coloured texture: a practice-based approach
Published in International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 2021
Ivonbony Chan, Joe Au, Chupo Ho, Jin Lam
Three-dimensional printing is an additive manufacturing technique to create a solid object. During the manufacturing process, materials are successively assembled on one cross-sectional layer at a time, with the final product comprising many layers (Campbell et al., 2011). The process starts with a 3D digital model that is generated on a computer by using different types of 3D drawing software programs and is referred to as CAD. A software program slices the model into layers and converts the layers into readable files for a 3D printer; subsequently, materials are added layer-wise by the printer to form a 3D object. Three-dimensional virtual objects are created by a combination of 3D modelling, texturing and rendering in CAD design. In the 3D modelling process, polygon mesh and polygons can be assembled together to form shapes. Texture mapping is a method to add illusive textures on 3D virtual objects, whereas texture can be images of pictures or hand paintings. During the rendering process, the texture meshes are unwrapped to one flat image, then texture is projected onto the meshes (Ahearn, 2014; Mullen, 2011). Rendering is a mathematical process to calculate every pixel of the virtual object to produce a final image (Murdock, 2012).
Research on method of high-precision 3D scene optical remote sensing imaging simulation
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2019
Jun-Feng Wang, Zhen-Ting Chen, Xue-you Hu, Chuan-Wen Lin, Cui-Hua Li, Lei Hong, Chang-Jun Zha
As can be seen from the Figure 10: (1) The V-shaped viewing platform is covered by the same material and is exposed to light. However, the simulated image shows that the radiation values of the north and south parts are different. This is because the geometric angle causes the incident angle of the solar light to be different and the material direction reflection characteristics. (2) In 3D modelling, only one polygon patch is used to simulate the wall surface of the building. However, under the effect of material texture mapping technology, the walls of different colours coated on the wall are still easily separated. Texture mapping technology improves the resolution of materials within 3D scenes. (3) Even a shaded area that is not exposed to direct sunlight exhibits a certain radiance rather than complete darkness, which is caused by the downward radiation of the sky and the reflected radiation from surrounding objects. (4) For a cement floor with uniform, horizontal and single material, the radiance also changes slightly as the distance from the building changes (quantified into detail after the image is displayed). This is because the proportion of the sky covered by the buildings in different locations is different, and the atmospheric down-radiation and background reflections are different. (5) The position of the cement floor and the plastic runway does not appear to be abruptly mutated in the radiance but gradually changes, which is caused by the spatial modulation effect exhibited by the atmospheric proximity effect.
Automatic texture mapping mega-projects
Published in Journal of Spatial Science, 2020
Texture mapping aims to map the actual texture that appears in the images onto each triangulated face of the geometric 3D model of the object. Textures within each triangulated face are then stretched using projective transformation and warped. Afterward, the textures and the 3D model can be visualized in virtual reality. Accordingly, a rendered photorealistic 3D model has the same view of a photograph taken from the same point of view. The procedure of texture mapping includes three main steps, which are; (1) projecting model triangulated faces on all images; (2) detecting occluded triangulated faces in each image; (3) deciding the most suitable image (texture) for each triangulated face.