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Wireless Video
Published in K.R. Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic, Dragorad A. Milovanovic, Wireless Multimedia Communications, 2018
K.R. Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic, Dragorad A. Milovanovic
A widely popular rate control scheme for streaming in wired networks is equation-based rate control, known as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)-friendly rate control (TFRC). In TFRC the TCP-friendly rate is determined as a function of packet loss rate, round-trip time (RTT), and packet size to mimic the long-term steady performance of TCP.11 There are basically three advantages to rate control using TFRC. First, it can fully utilize bottleneck capacities while preventing congestion collapse. Second, it is fair to TCP flows, which are the dominant source of traffic on the Internet. Third, the TFRC results in small rate fluctuation, making it attractive for streaming applications that require constant video quality. The key assumption behind TCP and TFRC is that packet loss is a sign of congestion. In wireless networks, however, packet loss is dominated by physical channel errors, violating this key assumption. Neither TFRC nor TCP can distinguish between packet loss due to buffer overflow and that due to physical layer errors.
Source-Based Congestion Control Mechanisms
Published in Christos N. Houmkozlis, George A. Rovithakis, End-to-End Adaptive Congestion Control in TCP/IP Networks, 2017
Christos N. Houmkozlis, George A. Rovithakis
TCP friendly rate control (TFRC) is a congestion control scheme whose primary goal is to maintain a steady-like sending rate, while still being responsive to congestion. It was originally designed for multimedia streaming, but it can be also used by applications requiring smooth rate transmission (i.e., VoIP).
Efficient video transmission—a critical review of various protocols and strategies
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2021
Ali Siddique, Abdul Rauf Bhatti, Ahmed Bilal Awan, Arslan Dawood Butt, Ali S. Alghamdi, Muhammad Farhan, Nadia Rasheed
In TFRC (CCID 3), the variation of throughput over time is much lower as compared to that in TCP. This minimizes the abrupt changes in the sending rate. This makes TFRC more suitable for streaming media (2D and 3D), where a smooth sending rate is important (Floyd, Kohler, and Padhye 2006). The TFRC is an equation-based, rate-controlled congestion control mechanism. The reader is referred to (Floyd 2006) for more details. The TFRC algorithms were initially described in (Handley et al. 2003).