China 
Africa 
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Role of IoT in sustainable farming
Published in Govind Singh Patel, Amrita Rai, Nripendra Narayan Das, R. P. Singh, Smart Agriculture, 2021
Rajasekhar Manda, P.Rajesh Kumar
Supply chain: The IoT and digital systems connect to a variety of organizational environments to make the supply chain more integrated and efficient. The main purpose of integration through the food supply chain is to create adequate job opportunities in rural areas. But, in agriculture as several products have a shorter lifetime the supply chain becomes uncertain. Optimizing the supply chain using IoT technology is a future challenge (Dougados et al., 2013; Verdouw et al., 2015). By creating the authentication mechanism through access control, security awareness and cryptographic process, the supply chain attacks can be prevented (e.g., Blockchain technology, http://bita.studio/).
Supply Chain Resilience, Industry 4.0, and Investment Interplays: A Review
Published in Production & Manufacturing Research, 2023
Adnan Al-Banna, Zaid A. Rana, Mohamed Yaqot, Brenno C. Menezes
Cyberattacks frequency and intensity have rapidly increased during the recent years, with some of the largest and most costly incidents occurring in 2020 and 2021. For example, the SolarWinds cyberattack was one of the most significant breaches in history, affecting numerous government agencies and major corporations. The attackers were able to compromise SolarWinds’ software and use it to gain access to sensitive data, resulting in huge financial and reputational damages Burmeister and Meng (2021). This incident highlights the growing threat of supply chain attacks, where attackers target a third-party vendor to gain access to an organization’s network. Another major cyberattack in 2021 was the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, which caused widespread disruptions to fuel supplies on the east coast of the United States. As highlighted by Dudley and Golden (2021) the attack was attributed to the DarkSide hacking group and resulted in a ransom payment of more than US$ 4 million. The incident highlights the growing trend of ransomware attacks, where attackers encrypt an organization’s data and demand payment to restore access The cost of cyberattacks can be significant, with estimates ranging from millions to billions of dollars in damages. In addition to direct financial costs, cyberattacks can also result in reputational damage, legal liability, and lost productivity (Hobbs, 2021).