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The Establishment of Global Private Networks
Published in Dr. Dimitris, N. Chorafas, Heinrich Steinmann, Intelligent Networks, 2019
Dr. Dimitris, N. Chorafas, Heinrich Steinmann
Key to the success of CDN has been an architecture designed by the Bank of America able to guide long-term network evolution. It provides migratory steps with tuning and synchronization for greater effectiveness. In a structured sense:The T-1 backbone network is made of AT&T lines ending at service points, which are gateways of in-house systems.The in-house section employs intelligent network switches to support the physical transport.SNA sessions (LU 0, LU 2, LU 6.2) are used for teleprocessing functions, including device managers.Private Bank of America protocols are embedded in CDN in California and GDN, the global data network. They assure enduser-to-end user connectivity.
The Language of the Internet: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Published in Stephan S. Jones, Ronald J. Kovac, Frank M. Groom, Introduction to COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES, 2015
Stephan S. Jones, Ronald J. Kovac, Frank M. Groom
In SNA parlance, the end-user terminals are designated logical units (LUs). These LUs are end points to the SNA network, and their code is programmed into the device. LUs talk to one another via sessions. The controlling network software, upon a request from an LU, sets up a session with another LU (another terminal, a mainframe computer, or a microcomputer). Before the session actually begins, rules (amount of data to be sent, frame size, etc.) are specified by the two LU devices. Each LU having a coded number (similar to a MAC address) is also assigned a network name that allows LUs to talk to another name regardless of its location (The network makes the translation between name and coded number.) As the session progresses, the packets move along in a Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) frame. The session is ended when one of the LUs sends a deactivation request (Exhibit 8.13).
Networks
Published in Geoff Lewis, Communications Technology Handbook, 2013
SNA (systems network architecture). This originally represented the IBM Corporation’s de facto standard for networking the hardware of IBM manufacture. But since this has been expanded to allow integration with ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Networks), which is OSI compatible, SNA is fast becoming an open system, so that larger SNA networks have been developed. The SNA model is very similar to that of OSI, but based on three blocks. The functions of the lower two equate approximately with levels 1 to 6 of OSI, while the upper block covers applications in a manner similar to OSI. A further expansion of this standard is described as systems applications architecture and this provides an even greater degree of flexibility.
Cognition and emotion in the information systems field: a review of twenty-four years of literature
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2022
Wen-Lung Shiau, Xiaoqun Wang, Fei Zheng, Yung Po Tsang
SNA is a method through which researchers examine the interactions among social actors in the social sciences (Freeman 2004). To be specific, SNA formulates a social network that takes social actors as its nodes and the relations between social actors as its edges. With the fusion of mathematics, graph theory and computer science, SNA can support the measurement, evaluation and visualisation of relationships and relation structures (Wang et al. 2016). SNA is not only confined to the study of human social relationships, but is also applied to investigate the data from a specific information network. Combined with bibliometric techniques, including citation and co-citation analyses, we can further explore the information exchanged between documents to effectively reveal knowledge spreading patterns and establish the intellectual structure of a particular discipline. Compared with existing studies (Iftikhar and Khan 2020; Nam and Kabutey 2021), the concept of the social network is further extended in the review methodology. Similar to identifying key social actors in the network, the SNA can be extended to examine the key research studies in a domain-specific publication network.
Role network measures to assess healthcare team adaptation to complex situations: the case of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis
Published in Ergonomics, 2019
Megan E. Salwei, Pascale Carayon, Ann S. Hundt, Peter Hoonakker, Vaibhav Agrawal, Peter Kleinschmidt, Jason Stamm, Douglas Wiegmann, Brian W. Patterson
SNA has been used in various fields such as public health, computer science, psychology and marketing (Valente 2010). Within human factors and ergonomics, SNA has been used to understand organisational and team processes, such as information sharing and coordination. For example, SNA was used to study command and control operations within military and emergency services (Baber et al. 2013; Houghton et al. 2006, 2015; Roberts, Stanton, and Fay 2018); to evaluate and characterise naval team readiness (Schraagen and Post 2014); to explore changes in the transportation system from the introduction of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (Banks et al. 2018); to measure knowledge across a team and its effect on cohesion and performance (Espinosa and Clark 2014); to measure interruptions (Mccurdie, Sanderson, and Aitken 2018) and influential team members (Fong et al. 2017) in intensive care units; and to demonstrate a positive relationship between the number of nurse-to-nurse advice-seeking interactions about safe patient handling and frequency of patient-handling equipment use (Hurtado et al. 2018). Euerby and Burns (2014) used SNA to measure information sharing in an online community comprised of university students, university faculty, community activists and members of local government, finding that human factors design changes to the website increased communication and connections between the website members. Various methods were used in these studies to collect SNA data including survey (Espinosa and Clark 2014; Fong et al. 2017; Hurtado et al. 2018), observations (Houghton et al. 2006; Mccurdie, Sanderson, and Aitken 2018; Roberts, Stanton, and Fay 2018; Schraagen and Post 2014), cognitive work analysis (Houghton et al. 2015), review of documents (Baber et al. 2013), and website activity logs (Euerby and Burns 2014).