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Roadmap to Smart Manufacturing for Developing Countries
Published in Shwetank Avikal, Amit Raj Singh, Mangey Ram, Sustainability in Industry 4.0, 2021
Vaibhav S. Narwane, Rakesh D. Raut, Balkrishna Eknath Narkhede
RepRap stands for “Replicating Rapid prototype”, which is an initiative developed to produce a low-cost 3D printer that can print most of its own components. The fourth industrial revolution will be set apart by full mechanization and digitization, and utilization of hardware and data advancements in manufacturing (Roblek et al., 2016). Inside the setting of the fourth industrial revolution, the term “Smart Factory” portrays a situation where machines and equipment can enhance forms through computerization and self-optimization. IIoT is a sub-paradigm of IoT, which is mostly focused on the interconnectivity of industrial assets like manufacturing tools and machines and logistic operations (Xu and Duan, 2019). The US government launched a smart manufacturing platform called “Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition”. Social Manufacturing is a paradigm that allows customers to co-create products and services that are fully customized and personalized (Jiang et al., 2016). Ford’s Freeform Fabrication technology (F3T) is a progressive system for sheet metal forming. The future of manufacturing initiated by the UK Government in 2013 looked at the long-term development of the manufacturing unit up to 2050 by targeting specific stages in the manufacturing value chain. “Factories of the Future” focuses on increasing the technologies used in the EU manufacturing sector.
Biomedical Applications of 3D Printing
Published in Jince Thomas, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Jiya Jose, Nanoparticles in Polymer Systems for Biomedical Applications, 2019
M. S. Neelakandan, V. K. Yadu Nath, Bilahari Aryat, Parvathy Prasad, Sunija Sukumaran, Jiya Jose, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal
Printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first developed by Charles Hull in 1984. He named the technique as SLA and obtained a patent for the technique in 1986. While SLA systems had become popular by the end of the 1980s, other similar technologies like fused deposition modelling (FDM) and selective laser sintering (SLS) were introduced. In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) patented another technology, named “3 Dimensional Printing techniques,” which is similar to the inkjet technology used in 2D printers. In 1996, three major products, “Genisys” from Stratasys, “Actua 2100” from 3D Systems, and “Z402” from Z Corporation were introduced. In 2005, Z Corp. launched a breakthrough product, named Spectrum Z510, which was the first high-definition color 3D printer in the market. Another breakthrough in 3D printing occurred in 2006 with the initiation of an open source project, named Reprap, which was aimed at developing a self-replicating 3D printer.11
On the Disruptive Potential of 3D Printing
Published in Diana M. Bowman, Elen Stokes, Arie Rip, Embedding New Technologies into Society, 2017
Pierre Delvenne, Lara Vigneron
3D food printing is being used in several projects that are at various stages of development, like the Cornucopia project, with its Digital Fabricator, a 3D food printer that converts chosen ingredients into a delicious end product, CandyFab, printing very large objects out of pure sugar, or Modern Meadow, applying the latest advances in tissue engineering to culture leather and meat without requiring the raising, slaughtering and transporting animals. Very large objects have been also made possible in 3D building printing projects like concrete printing such as benches for the design of modern architecture buildings. While the price of printers for industrial use can reach the million US dollars, the price of printers for consumer use ranges from a few hundreds to a few thousand US dollars, an example of those being the RepRap, a self-replicating open source desktop printer.
Making a Makerspace: Identified Practices in the Formation of a University Makerspace
Published in Engineering Studies, 2021
Megan E. Tomko, Robert L. Nagel, Wendy Newstetter, Shaunna F. Smith, Kimberly G. Talley, Julie Linsey
The maker movement arose in the early 2000s as a way to stimulate collaboration and sharing of ideas within a community of makers. The maker movement originated from a convergence of events. A major catalyst occurred in 2005 with the first publication of Make: magazine, which provided information and instruction on maker projects.9 In 2006, the advocates behind Make: invited makers of all ages and interests to join in attending the first annual Maker Faire. The movement grew further in 2007 with the introduction of the RepRap, the first desktop open-source 3D printer. Chris Anderson describes the arrival of the RepRap as ‘another key milestone’ since it led to the MakerBot, a desktop 3D printer for personal use.10
In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2019
Muhammad Harris, Johan Potgieter, Richard Archer, Khalid Mahmood Arif
Open source (OS) printers played a significant role in bringing 3DP to common users in the last decade or so, starting from the introduction of RepRap, which led to further developments and contributions through online uploads of assembly details of various OS printers.[11–13] Currently there are numerous OS printers that are supported by communities and contributors and the term has evolved into fused filament fabrication (FFF) rather than the equivalent commercial term FDM.[3,6] The increasing use of OS FFF is evident from the increased numbers from four to 4500 units from 2008 to 2011.[12] Even the other OS printers derived from RepRap, like MakerBot, have registered sales of more than 13000 units since 2009.[14] The price of OS printers has dropped drastically to as low as $1500.0[15] and this has supported a rise in the uptake of these machines, which in turn has created a concept of distributed digital manufacturing at mass scale.[12,13] Further, these printers make their mark in practical fields like the fabrication of toys, tools, household items and a few scientific instruments.[16] However, the OS printers are not free from problems and limitations in comparison with commercial-scale 3D printers,[15] e.g., minimum accuracy of not more than 0.1 mm and limited capability of printing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),[17–19] polylactic acid (PLA) and their modified variants only.[11,14] Another facet is the variations in the properties of the printed parts[14] as compared to the ones printed on the commercial printers like Stratasys[3] Fortus 250 mc. The variations in the mechanical properties have been reported by numerous researchers.[14,20–22]