China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction of Management, Civil, Electrical and Electronic (MCEE) in Computers
Published in Parveen Berwal, Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal, Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Shashi Kant, Computer Applications in Engineering and Management, 2022
Parveen Berwal, Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal, Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Shashi Kant
Real-time processing involves continuous input, process and output of data. Input production and response are so limited that physical activity can be monitored alone. Effective time management requires all facilities’ ability to quickly share input (not regularly, as in batch processing) [8]. Direct (online) connecting to central processor between input/output devicesResponse time is relatively rapid, allowing more contacts throughout the high-definition processing unit. The feature of data processing in real time that makes them truly distinct from the best-known batches and online retrieval devices is the direct response to receiving a letter.
Machine Learning and Data Science in Industries
Published in Sandeep Misra, Chandana Roy, Anandarup Mukherjee, Introduction to Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0, 2021
Sandeep Misra, Chandana Roy, Anandarup Mukherjee
In the IIoT and Industry 4.0 scenario, a prodigious amount of data is generated from connected machines and devices. The real-time data generated helps to optimize processes, predict the downtime of machines, improve the quality of products, reduce wastes, and minimize production costs. Data science is the method of focusing on data and applying mathematical tools to find the hidden pattern in the data. In real-world scenarios, such as General Electric, experts apply real-time information at a common point of physical modeling of the system, digitize the processes, and apply traditional techniques [186]. Further, the application of data science in the transportation sector of GE leads to savings of about 8–10 million dollars, annually. Fig. 13.6 shows the various applications of data science and their benefits in different sectors. For example, the application of data mining and ML helps in formulating business strategies, and the application of AI and neural networks assist in the management of stakeholders. Further, data visualization enables visualization of hidden patterns in data. Data modeling and hypothesis testing assists in the communication of business and analysis of the product developed. The complex data analytics and big data assists in exploring new opportunities. The application of prescriptive and exploratory analytics on the collected data provides meaningful outcomes.
Embedded Computing Systems and Hardware/Software Codesign
Published in Wai-Kai Chen, Computer Aided Design and Design Automation, 2018
The software for an embedded multiprocessing system is often built around processes. A process, as in a general-purpose computing system, is an instantiation of a program with its own state. Since problems complex enough to require multiprocessors often run sophisticated algorithms and I/O systems, dividing the system into processes helps manage design complexity. A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system specifically designed for embedded, and specifically real-time applications. The RTOS manages the processes and device drivers in the system, determining when each executes on the CPU. This function is termed scheduling. The partitioning of the software between application code which executes core algorithms and an RTOS which schedules the times to which those core algorithms are executed is a fundamental design principle in computing systems in general and is especially important for real-time operation.
Stack-Based Dynamic Resource Access Control Protocol for Real-Time Systems
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Rumpa Hazra, Shouvik Dey, Ananya Kanjilal, Swapan Bhattacharya
A real-time system is one that processes information and produces a response within a specified time otherwise failure of the system occurs. The most distinguished parameter is that the deadline has to be met under even the worst circumstances. Hard Real-time systems are used in a wide range of mission-critical applications such as avionics systems, aerospace systems, robotics and defence systems. The troubles of giving a guarantee of meeting hard deadlines of tasks lie in the issues of priority inversion and of deadlocks [1]. To beat such difficulties, a great resource access control protocol is required. In Real-Time Software Systems (RTSS), the main intent of the various resource access control protocols is to schedule and synchronize different tasks when many of these share the same resources.
Approximation algorithms in partitioning real-time tasks with replications
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2018
Jian (Denny) Lin, Albert M. K. Cheng, Gokhan Gercek
Several fundamental task models have been proposed to characterise real-time tasks. Based on the consequence of missing a deadline, real-time systems can be classified into the following three systems.Hard real-time system: all deadlines are required to meet and any miss of a deadline is deemed as a system failure.Firm real-time system: occasionally missing deadlines is acceptable but it may degrade the system’s quality of service.Soft real-time system: deadlines can be missed to some extent and the extent determines the quality of service.According to tasks’ arrival patterns, a real-time task can be defined as periodic, aperiodic or sporadic. A periodic task arrives regularly and has a hard deadline. It is defined by its period and Worst Case Execution Time (WCET). The period is the regular inter-arrival time between two instances of the same task. The WCET denotes the longest execution time of a task in all possibilities. A ratio between a WECT and a period is called a utilisation which defines the maximum CPU time demand for executing the task. Each instance of a periodic task is required to complete before the next instance of the same task arrives. An aperiodic task arrives irregularly and has either a hard or soft deadline. An aperiodic task that has a hard deadline and a minimum inter-arrival time is called a sporadic task. For sporadic tasks, a utilisation can be calculated by using the WCET and the minimum inter-arrival time.
Ethernet-Based Servo-Hydraulic Real-Time Controller and DAQ at ELSA for Large Scale Experiments
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Marco Peroni, Pierre Pegon, Francisco Javier Molina, Philippe Buchet
One key feature of ELSAREC control and DAQ systems is the so-called real-time capability. A real-time device in computer science is a hardware-software system that is subjected to a “real-time constraint” (e.g. the system has to perform a series of tasks in a prefixed time without any delay). This characteristic is fundamental in the control technology to achieve high accuracy levels, and it is an essential requirement, especially in continuous and real-time hybrid tests.