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Introduction
Published in Iván Lux, László Koblinger, Monte Carlo Particle Transport Methods: Neutron and Photon Calculations, 1991
Instead, the use of computational algorithms is practically unanimously preferred. These algorithms supply series of numbers which are determined by the generation formula, however, if a sequence of the so generated numbers passes the same randomness tests as the real, physical random numbers, one can use them in the same way; (in some works these artificially constructed random numbers are called pseudorandom numbers.)
Protection of COVID-19 images using multiple elliptic curve cryptography
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2023
Diana Laishram, N. Tuturaja Singh, Khumanthem Manglem Singh
Detection, analysis and medication of COVID-19 through the CT or scan images are necessary which will not only help in prevention of this global health crisis but also help in prevention of future epidemics. This paper preserves the security and integrity of COVID-19 images for transmission over the internet for secure diagnosis by presenting high effectiveness in encryption quality by overcoming some recent schemes’ encryption qualities.It encrypts the coordinates of the pixels thereby bringing randomness in the images. The randomness test results of different p values came out to be good enough.The two practical limitations of elliptic curves, i.e. the plain data that is to be encrypted should be on the elliptic curves and the expansion of encrypted data’s size are removed in this proposed technique.The large value of key space used in proposed method, i.e. withstands attacks, which aids in stronger encryption algorithm.The use of three stages in encryption produces an entirely unintelligent or highly confusion cipher image.
Detection and clustering of mixed-type defect patterns in wafer bin maps
Published in IISE Transactions, 2018
Jinho Kim, Youngmin Lee, Heeyoung Kim
Figure 6 depicts the defect patterns of the six selected wafers, where good and defective dies are indicated in green and red colors, respectively. Each WBM has several types of systematic defects and many random defects. It is clear that there exists some spatial correlation among the values of adjacent dies. In Figure 6, WBM 1 has one center circular pattern and more than two partial ring patterns at the edge, WBM 2 has more than two scratch patterns and one zone pattern at the edge, WBM 3 has two local zone patterns, WBM 4 has one center circular pattern and two partial ring patterns, WBM 5 has two local zone patterns and one center circular pattern, and WBM 6 has a shot pattern and several local zone patterns at the edge. The presence of systematic defect patterns in each WBM was also confirmed by a spatial randomness test.
Influence of an armrest support on handgrip strength in different arm and shoulder flexion angles in overhead postures
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Jorge-Hernán Restrepo-Correa, Juan-Luis Hernández-Arellano, Carlos Alberto Ochoa-Ortiz, Aidé-Aracely Maldonado-Macías
A 2 × 3 within-subjects repeated-measure design was used with two levels of arms assistance (with and without the AAAS device) and three levels of shoulder–elbow flexion angle combinations (90°–90°, 135°–45° and 160°–20°). In addition, the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality, the Leven test for homogeneity and the randomness test for independence were used on all samples. Finally, the problem was modeled as a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measurements design, because there were two sources of variation and the same subjects were used at each factor combination level.