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Parallel Computing Programming Basics
Published in Vivek Kale, Parallel Computing Architectures and APIs, 2019
Expressions in Haskell cannot have side effects by default; these expressions are called “pure.” The main benefits of purity are the improved ability to reason about the code and an easier approach to testing the code. The outcome of a pure function depends only on its parameters, and every run with the same inputs will give the same result. Pure functions are easier to compose because no interference arises in their execution. Actually, the evaluation of pure expressions is not dependent on the order in which it is done, so it opens the door to different execution strategies for the same piece of code. The Haskell libraries take advantage of this, providing parallel and concurrent execution.
A critical review on methods for time-dependent structural reliability
Published in Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2023
Bohua Zhang, Weigang Wang, Yanlin Wang, Yueru Li, Chun-Qing Li
This is the basic equation for TdR problems. TdR problems are defined as those in which at least one of basic variables is modelled as a stochastic process, denoted by , and the limit state functions change with time as well, denoted by . Methods for TdR problems are referred to as TdR methods, and otherwise time-independent methods. The key difference between these two classes of methods is not just the involvement of time but its treatment: the former treats time as an index parameter so that becomes a stochastic process and becomes ; whilst the latter treats time as an indeterminate parameter so that and are a pure function of time (C. Q. Li & Yang, 2022).
Experimental investigations on the integrated bubbly wake strength of two different scale ship models
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2022
Mohammad Abbaszadeh, Mohammad Mehdi Alishahi, Homayoun Emdad
Another comparison is shown in Figure 15(b), which compares the B-2.0-10 and S-2.5-06 cases, which are at the same value of the multiplication of Froude and square of Weber and Reynolds numbers (Fr*). Results indicate that the level of similarity of the detected light intensities has incredibly increased relative to the previous comparisons of Figure 15(a), especially in the near-field religions. However, some minor deviations are still present in the far-field wake regions and for the prediction of total wake length. Though the above results cannot confirm that the bubbly wake is a pure function of Fr*, it can be stated that the effects of surface waves (Fr), the bubbles interactions (We), and viscous effects (Re) are of great importance for the bubbly wake scaling. Moreover, it can be hypothesised that the Froude number effects are more dominant than Reynolds and Weber numbers ones. However, confirmation of the scaling discussions requires more experimental results and deeper investigations which is aimed to be done in future works.
Knowledge-based cyber-physical systems for assembly automation
Published in Production & Manufacturing Research, 2019
Munir Merdan, Timon Hoebert, Erhard List, Wilfried Lepuschitz
The standard IEC 61,499 introduces a generic architecture and guidelines for the usage of function blocks in distributed industrial control systems. A function block (FB) represents a functional unit of software containing data and algorithms as well as internal variables to constitute an internal state (distinguishing it therefore from a pure function). In contrast to IEC 61,131, the FBs of IEC 61,499 are event-driven, which increases their portability as well as reusability and the controllability of a control application, as the execution sequence is explicitly determined (Lepuschitz et al., 2011). References to several works of this standard’s aptitude towards reconfiguration are reported in (Vyatkin, 2011). Hence, the standard IEC 61,499 is identified as the most suitable concept for an automated control software configuration of a flexible distributed CPS.