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Design
Published in Miroslav Popovic, Communication Protocol Engineering, 2018
The function’s return value may be a value like in common programming languages or a template. The return value is defined by the keyword return after the parameter list in the function header, followed by the return type. In this case, the function body must contain at least one return statement followed by a value or template, which must be compatible with the specified type in the function header.
Air combat manoeuvre strategy algorithm based on two-layer game decision-making and the distributed MCTS method with double game trees
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2022
Qiuni Li, Fawei Wang, Zongcheng Liu, Yuqin Li
It includes four steps: selection, expansion, simulation and back-propagation. In order to search the air combat game node, this paper adopted a modified UCB (Upper Confidence Bound) algorithm expounded in Gameron (2012) in the MCTS frame. In the selection step, suppose the root node is the attacking side. The UCB value is calculated by Equation (12). The node with the maximum UCB value will be selected as the subsequent node. where is the average payoff of fighters in the past times and this is a normalized value. is the total number of times a game strategy is selected. is the number of times for the selected game strategy. The regulatory factor is C and it is used to adjust the balance between the return value and the unexplored node. In the simulation step, the frequent change of target allocation results can be prevented by adjusting the simulation step size. In this paper, it is considered that setting the simulation step size as 8 is an ideal value after testing.
Elementary operations: a novel concept for source-level timing estimation
Published in Automatika, 2019
Nikolina Frid, Danko Ivošević, Vlado Sruk
Operations which belong to INTEGER and FLOATING POINT classes are: addition (ADD),2 multiplication (MUL) and division (DIV). LOGIC class contains logic operations (LOG): (i.e.and, or, xor and not) and shift operations (SHIFT): operations that perform bit-wise movement (e.g. rotation, shift, etc.). Operations in MEMORY class are: single memory assign (ASSIGN), block transaction (BLOCK) and procedure call (PROC). MEMORY BLOCK represents a transaction of a block of size 1000 and it can only have array operands. MEMORY PROC represents a function call with one argument and a return value. Arguments can be variables and arrays, declared locally or given as parameters of the caller function, but never global. All of these operations are listed in Table 1. Abbreviations indicated in the table are used further on when referring to a specific class. Sample source code given in Figure 1 illustrates how code statements can be correlated to elementary operations classification scheme. Each operation is denoted using abbreviations from Table 1.
Ontology-based model-driven design of distributed control applications in manufacturing systems
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2019
Yue Cao, Yusheng Liu, Hongwei Wang, Jianjun Zhao, Xiaoping Ye
Interactions between controllers can be easily identified from the MDG. For example, the object flow in the green colour shown in Figure 21(c) is the data interaction between CartController and MainController. According to this interaction, a parameter and return value Y should be added to them, respectively. Control flows in the red colour are behaviour interactions between JawController and CartController and between CartController and ShaftController. With this knowledge about controllers and their interactions, a control application can be constructed. IEC 61499 model generation