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Introduction to Operations Research
Published in Michael W. Carter, Camille C. Price, Ghaith Rabadi, Operations Research, 2018
Michael W. Carter, Camille C. Price, Ghaith Rabadi
The open source movement has demonstrated over the years that high quality software systems can actually be produced by contributors who volunteer their time and experience to make their products available for other people, hoping that in return people will contribute back. This has been an interesting approach that showed tremendous success and even for-profit companies started to participate in this model as it turned out that it pays off on the long run. For example, Google offers open source codes and binaries for Operations Research tools (solvers, interfaces, algorithms) in different computer languages and for different operating systems. More is available on Google’s website.
Advances in the application of smartphones in hydrology
Published in Water International, 2023
Lei Li, Soon-Thiam Khu, Jia Wang, Mingna Wang
Source code is a computer command written in a computer programming language for people to read. Often source code is a high-level representation of computer commands that must be assembled, interpreted or compiled before the computer can execute the code as a program (National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 2018). Open-source technology originates from the open-source movement, which has accompanied the development of the entire computer industry and technology, and its application is mainly divided into free software and open-source software (Hongmin et al., 2007). In recent years, the number and types of smartphone applications are increasing. By using existing open-source technologies, smartphone applications have been able to serve as powerful platform terminals to provide technical support for all aspects of public production and life (De Sherbinin et al., 2021), such as a smart home. With the continuous advancement and development of the era of intelligence, the smartphone as the key to ‘all things intelligent’ will gradually become a reality.
RRI legacies: co-creation for responsible, equitable and fair innovation in Horizon Europe
Published in Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2021
Douglas K. R. Robinson, Angela Simone, Marzia Mazzonetto
The potential of user-led innovation has been extensively studied by researchers such as Eric Von Hippel (2005): users have developed innovative products and services in areas as diverse as software engineering (e.g. the Open Source movement), medical tools, sports equipment or music systems. However, even when led by science engagement institutions, co- creation processes reach their full potential when they lead to a real influence of all stakeholders – including citizens – on the products and services that reach the market.6. To what extent co-creation can be considered a trigger for effectively enabling and advancing (Open) Innovation, thus generating concrete and effective outcomes thanks to its potential to better respond to specific socially-driven innovation needs, and not just a ‘virtue’ in itself which does not need to be legitimized (Voorberg, Bekkers, and Tummers 2015), is still to be explored and definitely not sufficiently addressed in the SwafS context.
Makerspaces on Social Media: Shaping Access to Open Design
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2019
Maria Menendez-Blanco, Pernille Bjørn
Open Design grew out of the open-source movement and is becoming an emerging term within the field of HCI (Green, D. P., Fuchsberger, V., Kirk, D., Taylor, N., Chatting, D., Meissner, J. L., Murer, M., Tscheligi, M., Lindtner, S., & Bjorn, P, 2017). Core values include free sharing of software, open and free innovation, and engagement with projects for the greater good. While sharing software code on the Internet centers around digital exchange of source code, Open Design goes beyond software source code by including the creation of physical objects. Indeed, Open Design projects entail adding atoms to the usually intangible open source projects (Balka, Raasch, & Herstatt, 2009). Open Design can thus be seen as ‘open source development of tangible objects’ (Raasch, Herstatt, & Balka, 2009). Due to the physical aspects of Open Design, physical locations supporting participants in sharing knowledge and expertise - as well as tools and machines - are instrumental for people to engage in Open Design activities. The focus on open-source software, hardware, and digital fabrication make makerspaces central to Open Design.