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Semantic Interoperability of Long-Tail Geoscience Resources over the Web
Published in Ashok N. Srivastava, Ramakrishna Nemani, Karsten Steinhaeuser, Large-Scale Machine Learning in the Earth Sciences, 2017
Mostafa M. Elag, Praveen Kumar, Luigi Marini, Scott D. Peckham, Rui Liu
We classified the semantic interoperability between resources over the Web into five classes based on the ability of one resource to programmatically reuse and understand the information model associated with another resource (Table 9.2). The Interoperable class includes resources that follow global metadata standards (e.g., Dublin Core). Reusing this type of resources is straightforward and usually can be done programmatically. The Semi-Interoperable class defines the interoperability between a resource that follows a global standard and another one that compiles to domain-level standards, henceforth described as partially-standardized resources. Semantic mediation between the two standards is necessary to make resources interpretable for each other. The Potential-Interoperable class describes the interoperability between two partially-standardized resources, where each resource is defined using its domain concepts and vocabularies. The One-Sided Interoperable class identifies the interoperability between a non-standardized resource and another resource that is not supported with metadata, henceforth defined as non-standardized resources. In this class, frequent scientist intervention is required to allow the non-standardized resource to programmatically interpret and process the partially-standardized resources. Finally, the Non-Interoperable class groups resources that are not supported with information. While it is difficult to quantify the cost that results from the lack of semantic interoperability, we believe it is necessary to leverage the partially-standardized and non-standardized resources to the standardized class (Table 9.2).
Media Systems Integration
Published in Al Kovalick, Video Systems in an IT Environment, 2013
The syntax is obvious. All the information is easily contained in a small file, e.g., London-text.xml. Importantly, XML is human readable. The labels may take on many forms, and these are preferably standardized. Several groups have standardized the label fields (<scenes>), as described later. For example, one of the early standards (not A/V specific) is called the Dublin Core. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is an organization dedicated to promoting the widespread adoption of interoperable metadata standards and developing specialized metadata vocabularies for describing resources that enable more intelligent information discovery systems (www.dublincore.org).
Digital Cinema Distribution
Published in Charles S. Swartz, Understanding Digital Cinema, 2004
Of critical importance is the establishment of metadata standards. A significant amount of work has already taken place, and metadata for the purpose of describing the image itself from reference display system to theater display system have already been preliminarily defined through SMPTE. Elementary metadata identifying the values necessary to support interchange are mapped and must be carried between systems to successfully display the original file.
Template-based knowledge reuse method for generating high-speed railway virtual construction scenes
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2023
Heng Zhang, Wen Zhao, Zujie Han, Jun Zhu, Qing Zhu, Xinwen Ning, Dengke Fan, Hua Wang, Fengpin Jia, Wei Fang, Bin Yang, Weilian Li
Then, consistency processing is performed on the multimodal spatial data, as shown in Figure 4. High-speed railway engineering involves many disciplines, and both software and data formats used in modeling differ in different disciplines. Therefore, consistency processing is required so that geometric information in different projects can be in the same format. With regard to information description, consistency processing on structural composition is required. The real world is described by means of geometric entities, relationships, and attributes. Multimodal spatial data is described using a unified metadata standard. Spatial information is described using a unified spatial location code, which includes a Beidou grid location code and a track mileage value. Then, the Boolean processing is performed on model–model fusion and model–terrain fusion.
Towards Citizen Science-Inspired Learning Activities: The Co-design of an Exploration Tool for Teachers Following a Human-Centred Design Approach
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Miriam Calvera-Isabal, Patricia Santos, Davinia Hernández-Leo
To create a first prototype (to be iterated), a set of CS projects assigned to particular SDGs were selected from the CS Track database in combination with real information to be explored by teachers. For each CS project, a title, description and other related information were included. The CS Track project follows the PPSR_Core metadata standard (https://core.citizenscience.org/) as with the case of some CS platforms such as EU.Citizen science platform (https://eu-citizen.science/) (Wagenknecht et al., 2021). Therefore, the information selected fell into the categories defined in the standard. For instance, for the Liquencity project, it has been informed the tools used by participants (tools used is one category included in the standard), while for the Mammalnet has also been informed the project impact and the status (two categories included in the standard) (Figure 1). Finally, activities developed by other teachers were selected and categorised according to the SDG and related CS projects that addressed similar topics (Figure 1).
Remote sensing data quality model: from data sources to lifecycle phases
Published in International Journal of Image and Data Fusion, 2019
Árpad Barsi, Zsófia Kugler, Attila Juhász, György Szabó, Carlo Batini, Hussein Abdulmuttalib, Guoman Huang, Huanfeng Shen
An example that goes beyond the scope of individual application scenarios is NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) project where standards were adopted based on defined EO mission requirements. Thereby, NASA was adopting and approving a list of standards including ISO 19115 Geographical Information Metadata Standard, NASA Earth Science Data Preservation Content Specification, and Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) for Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS). NASA ensured to provide the users with the necessary required information to understand and use the data and products of their EO missions. Approved standards include data format standards, status of data and systems together with specification document and user resources. Approved data formats are for example HDF EOS 5 and OGC KML. Additional information related to the specific formats can be found in the NASA Earth Science Community Recommendations for users. Thus, a user of the data can refer to those approved standards to understand the quality aspects and the limitations of data used for their project. Further, the community recommendations provide valuable information including the strength, weakness, applicability and limitations of specific data formats. Consequently, the designer of an RS validation process for a certain project is able to employ the metadata that provides standardised RS data parameters as candidates for the QC in the RS lifecycle. This includes temporal and positional information and many more factors relevant for the specific project at hand.