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Recent Cyberattacks and Their Impact
Published in Kutub Thakur, Al-Sakib Khan Pathan, Cybersecurity Fundamentals, 2020
Kutub Thakur, Al-Sakib Khan Pathan
The major points and the subsequent impact on the global market are summarized in the following important points: The largest DDoS attack in the historyService outage occurred between 17:21 and 17:26 UTC on February 28, 2018.Intermittent service availability between 17:26 and 17:30 on the same date.Conducted through the amplification vector that used the memcached over the UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Memcached is a general-purpose distributed memory-caching system.Memcached instances were badly abused to conduct this attack.IP spoofing was used to direct the memcached response to the targeted server.Amplification factor of memcached is 51 thousand times, so each byte of sender data was amplified to 51 bytes and sent to the target.At the peak time of the attack, the total data rate sent to the target was about 1.35 Tbps.packets were sent per second to the target.Akamai Prolexic helped GitHub to route traffic through its scrubbing centers to block the malicious traffic.The attack lasted for about 8 minutes after the traffic was diverted through scrubbing center of Akamai Prolexic.The impact of this attack on the software development community was huge because millions of software users use the GitHub services.
An efficient and secure privacy preserving multi-cloud storage framework for mobile devices
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2021
Rajeev Kumar Bedi, Jaswinder Singh, Sunil Kumar Gupta
A tiered storage system using many input caching layers for resource-constrained mobile devices is proposed by [12]. This model is based on the Memcached cache system. The main contribution is to diminish I/O latency of existing mobile cloud solutions. Luan et al. [13] an architecture based on fog computing, in which an extra layer known as fog layer added between mobile device and cloud. In this model, the middle layer contains servers that are deployed at local premises of mobile users to provide different resources to mobile users. Slamanig and Hanser [14] proposed a cloud of cloud model in which different CSPs combined. The author discusses two different data storage approaches. First to replicate the data on different CSPs to enhance the availability of data and second to divide the data and store different parts on different CSPs. Bedi et al. [15] analyzed three multi-cloud storage system cloud cube, es file explorer, and multi-cloud storage prototype, by using Sony Xperia mobile device. Author has taken a file having size 50.11 MB for upload on media fire, google drive and Dropbox cloud storage providers using above mentioned multi-cloud storage systems, and the results have compared by parameters battery usage, time usage, CPU usage and data usage. From results, it observed that none of the existing multi-cloud storage systems is best regarding saving all resources of mobile devices. If one MCS system is better regarding one resource, at the same time, it is consuming more other resources. Bedi et al. [16] analyzed four multi-cloud storage systems clouds, Otixo, Unclouded and Cloud Fuze by parameters time consumption, data usage, CPU usage, and Battery usage by using the 4G network and 03 mobile devices Nexus 7, Moto G and Nexus 5. For analysis, authors have taken a file having size 116 MB to upload on G Drive, Dropbox and media fire cloud storage using above mentioned four MCS systems and results have evaluated by parameters data usage, time consumption, CPU usage, and battery usage. Finally, it has observed that none of the multi-cloud storage systems is best regarding saving all resources of mobile devices. So, there is need of an efficient MCS system for mobile devices, which will consume fewer resources of the mobile device [17].