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Revisiting the Future of Technical Communication
Published in Carlos Evia, Creating Intelligent Content with Lightweight DITA, 2018
This kind of data tagging and manipulation that XML allows is at the heart of intelligent content. From the practitioner side of technical communication, O’Keefe points out that XML “defines a standard for storing structured content in text files” (2009, p. 15). O’Keefe’s extended definition includes the following features of XML: It is a markup language, which means that content is enclosed by tags.Its element tags are enclosed in angle brackets (<element>This is element text</element>).It does not provide a set of predefined tags. Instead, authors define their own tags and their relationships. (O’Keefe, 2009, p. 15)
Computer Networks
Published in Vivek Kale, Agile Network Businesses, 2017
In order to create and display Web pages, some type of markup language is necessary. While there are many types of markup languages, we will briefly introduce three common types here: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (dynamic HTML), and Extensible Markup Language (XML). HTML, D-HTML, and XML are members of a family of markup languages called Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Despite the name, SGML itself is not a markup language but a description of how to create a markup language. To put it another way, SGML is a metalanguage. HTML is a set of codes inserted into a document that is intended for display on a Web browser. The codes, or markup symbols, instruct the browser how to display a Web page’s text, images, and other elements. The individual markup codes are often referred to as tags and are surrounded by brackets (< >). Most HTML tags consist of an opening tag, followed by one or more attributes, and a closing tag. Closing tags are preceded by a forward slash (/). Attributes are parameters that specify various qualities that an HTML tag can take on. For example, a common attribute is HREF, which specifies the URL of a file in an anchor tag (<A>).
Ontology Modeling
Published in Archana Patel, Narayan C. Debnath, Bharat Bhushan, Semantic Web Technologies, 2023
The extensible markup language (XML) is widely used and supports so many applications and information interchange interfaces. The language was designed to promote the interoperability of machines through readable text files structured in a markup style. The language is made of a set of structured tags that gives interpretation to the text in a digital document. XML is considered an enhancement to the classical web page formatting language, hypertext markup language (HTML). The XML, combined with its affiliated XML schema is capable of describing the semantics and structure of a digital document in a domain. It shares similarities with mainstream ontology languages given its support for semantics and knowledge interchange. In addition, XML has been successfully used for auto-generating domain ontologies in other more expressive and high-level ontology languages such as OWL. Serialization and representational format in OWL often assume the structure of XML. Hence, the usefulness of XML in both knowledge interchange and ontology modeling operations. The popular semantic web cake often presents the XML as being foundational to the design of the semantic web. However, the language suffers from the inability from achieving inferencing operation. As a result, the XSL Transformation language (XSLT) is used in conjunction with XML to achieve inferential operation through the transformation of the XML structure. In addition, the XML is limited because it may require different syntax to represent meta-data. It also has a limitation in its capability to represent relationships in schemas and ontologies with respect to objects. This has further motivated the proposal for better ontology languages.
EduGene: A UIDP-Based Educational App Generator for Multiple Devices and Platforms
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2019
Cesar Augusto Cortes-Camarillo, Giner Alor-Hernández, Laura Nely Sánchez-Morales, Viviana Yarel Rosales-Morales, Lisbeth Rodríguez-Mazahua, José Luis Sánchez-Cervantes
In the Web context, Halbe and Joshi (2015) presented an approach to create an HTML page automatically from the GUI design drawn on the article. First, a scanned image of the GUI design is provided as an input to the system. Then, the system identifies the HTML controls and stores them in an XML (Extensible Markup Language) database. The XML database contains the name and position of the component on the GUI design. Finally, this XML file is parsed to generate the HTML page. Also, in their work, Pop and Altar (2014) proposed a model based on the model-view-controller architecture for rapid Web application development. This model was implemented through the rapid prototyping system, which allows developers to build complex HTML objects, such as forms and tables without writing HTML code. The forms should provide the possibility of data validation and the tables that of sorting and nesting. Also, the rapid prototyping system should provide DOM (Document Object Model)-like manipulation capabilities in order to access the data.
A tool for obtaining transparency and traceability in heterogeneous design automation environments
Published in Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 2018
Tim Hjertberg, Roland Stolt, Fredrik Elgh
DM is based on automated or manual tagging of sections in textual documents or programming code. This is done either automatically or interactively. The extended markup language (XML) is used to generate a file to store the dependencies between the different sections of code. The resulting file can be visualized using a software called Gephi, (www.gephi.org). In this way, dependencies in a multidisciplinary system for extensive design space explorations can be traced and visualized retroactively provided that the documents and scripts have been tagged and that the relations between the tagged documents have been documented in the XML file. A demonstrator of such tool has been built and evaluated at the aerospace company with the result that it is efficient in providing an overview which is useful both in getting to understand the connections in the system, but would also aid in the maintenance process in predicting the effect of proposed changes.
Towards the encapsulation and decentralisation of OKD-MES services within embedded devices
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Borja Ramis Ferrer, Jose Luis Martinez Lastra
OWL has already been presented as a mature language for KR in factory automation (Delamer and Lastra 2006) and it has a higher degree of representation than other ontology languages. OWL is a Resource Description Framework (RDF) (‘RDF – Semantic Web Standards’ 2014), which is an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based language (‘Extensible Markup Language (XML)’ 2015). Consequently, the use of RDF-based languages for retrieving information of OWL KBs is appropriated. It should be noted that cited research works use SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) (‘SPARQL Query Language for RDF’ 2008) for querying ontological OWL models. Moreover, due to the adaptation and re-configurability of production lines, implementations must use another language, which permits the update of KBs. The SPARQL Update (‘SPARQL 1.1 Update’ 2013) permits the modification of OWL models. An example on how SPAQRL and SPARQL Update can be utilised on industrial systems can be found in Puttonen, Lobov, and Martinez Lastra (2013). Fundamentally, the implementation of KD approaches permits the runtime process control of systems in the industrial automation field. Then, the enormous advance that the use of ontologies offers in this domain is not only the knowledge representation, but also letting them play an important role in the system control.