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Accelerator Subsystems
Published in Volker Ziemann, ®, 2019
Instrumentation and diagnostic devices can be classified as sensors, because they intercept signals from the beam, such as BPMs, perform signal conditioning of the analog signals, and make them available as voltages or currents. Frequently, analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are used to convert the signal to a computer-readable form. In particular, this signal chain is used to monitor beam currents, positions, and sizes. Other sensors measure temperatures, radiation levels, and flow rates of liquids or gases. Also digital signals, such as the state of limit switches, or other status information, for example, fault indication, are made available to computers. Once the signals are available in digital form, they are prepared by a micro-controller, programmable-logic controller (PLC), or other front-end computer, and, once converted to a standard format, passed on to other computers. Most test and measurement equipment, such as fast digitizers to record transient wave forms, oscilloscopes, spectrum and network analyzers support computer interfaces, historically GPIB, and, nowadays, its modern Ethernet-based variants LXI or VXI. The communication to these devices is usually based on a standardized language, called Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments, or SCPI.
Drivers
Published in Rick Bitter, Taqi Mohiuddin, Matt Nawrocki, LabVIEW™ Advanced Programming Techniques, 2017
Rick Bitter, Taqi Mohiuddin, Matt Nawrocki
Due to users’ desire to be able to setup existing and new devices without having to use special cables or controllers as well as to be able to reduce cost (specialized VXI modules increase the cost due to lower volume), a new standard is being developed. The LXI standard uses LAN (Ethernet) as the system backbone. This has several benefits including the reduction in cost (no card cages or interface cards), speed, and availability (every computer has a LAN port and many newer instruments already have LAN support as well). This standard is still in the definition phase, but has the support of the major instrument manufacturing companies. I think we will be hearing more from LXI in the future.
Experimental investigation on thermal management of fuel cell by integrating phase change material in the cavities of the fin-based cooling plate
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
R. Ram Kumar, S. Suresh, T. Suthakar, Solaimalai Raja R, Srinivasan L
The heating element (heater plate) was kept on the rear side of the cooler plate, removing the thermal energy produced from the heating plate. A fan operated by DC power supply was used for cooling. Thermocouples were used to measure the temperature. A data logger (KEYSIGHT 34912A LXI Data Acquisition) was used to collect data via data acquisition software every 5 s. Figure 3(a and c) illustrates the schematic and actual experimental setup proposed in this study, respectively. Figure 3(b) represents an enlarged view of FTMS. Thermal paste was applied between the heater and cooling plate to remove the air gap between the cooling plate and heater. Further, the complete setup was placed between two end plates, which were fixed using a nut and bolt to ensure proper contact between the cooling plate and heater. The experiments were conducted in a controlled environment (∼30°C). The system should be cooled after finishing one experiment. As the ambient temperature is maintained at ∼30°C, all the experiments were started at 35°C by providing a temperature difference of 5°C.
Experimental dataset for an AHU air-to-air heat exchanger with normal and simulated fault operations
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2023
Hugo Geoffroy, Julien Berger, Evelyne Gonze, Catherine Buhe
All temperatures were measured using thermocouple sensor technology. Two types of thermocouples were used according to the European EN 60 584 regulation a nickel-chrome/nickel known as K-type, and a copper/copper-nickel known as T-type. The measurements were gathered directly using a switch unit KEYSIGHT 34972A LXI Data Acquisition with a 5-s time step. The recording time step was selected to assess precisely the temperature evolution in the system. The choice was made using a rough computation with the minimal air speed in the duct () and the maximal distance of the temperature sensors in the same duct (around ). Thus, a 5-s time step was selected for each sensor so that the transient behaviour of the system could be recorded with accuracy. Note that this acquisition frequency is more precise than the one used by common BAS (generally of the order of 1 min). This short time step can be easily processed to obtain a coarser time step.
Effect of PCM-based cold storage system under periodic and continuous operations on physico-chemical characteristics of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit and performance evaluation of mango cold storage systems
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
K. Karthikeyan, Vairavan Mariappan, P. Sarafoji, K. Uma Bharathi, M. Loganathan, M. Jaya Bharata Reddy, R. Anish
The temperature of the cold storage compartments, PCM panel, evaporator coil, peel and pulp of mango fruit were measured using a K-type thermocouple with an accuracy of ±0.5°C. Relative humidity was measured using HygroClip 2 (HC2) Humidity Temperature Probe. Thermocouples were fixed at 16 locations for measuring the temperature variation of the cold storage compartments at the top, middle and bottom regions, PCM panel inlet and outlet temperature, PCM temperature, evaporator coil inlet and outlet temperature, atmospheric temperature, pulp and peel temperature of mango. HygroClip 2 (HC2) Humidity Temperature Probe was fixed in 7 locations to measure RH in the cold storage compartments’ top, middle, and bottom regions and ambient conditions (control). Energy consumption was recorded using Fluke 438 Power Quality and Motor Analyser. Measured parameters were logged using the ‘keysight 34972A LXI’ data acquisition system.