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Networking Basics for A/V
Published in Al Kovalick, Video Systems in an IT Environment, 2013
The on-the-wire format to carry bits is the Ethernet frame, as shown in Figure 6.5. As with most packet protocols, there is a preamble and address field followed by the data payload (1,500 bytes max, nominal) field concluded by an error detection field. So-called jumbo frames carry payloads of sizes >1,500 up to 9,000 bytes. Jumbo frames are processed more efficiently with less framehandling overhead. Each Ethernet port has a worldwide 48-bit Medium Access Control (MAC) address that is unique per port. MAC addressing supports 256 trillion distinct ports. MAC addressing is used for many link types—not just Ethernet. Do not confuse this address with an IP address, which is discussed in the next section. Some network switches use the MAC address to forward frames. This mode of frame routing is often called layer 2 switching. Layer 2 switching is very limited in its reach compared to IP routing, as we will see.
14 Video File Transfer, Podcasting, and P2P
Published in Wes Simpson, Video Over IP, 2013
One way to make file transfer more efficient is to use jumbo frames, which are essentially large packets. Standard Ethernet frames (packets) are limited to 1500 bytes in length; jumbo frames expand that limit to 9000+ bytes. This improves file transfer efficiency in two ways:Large packets mean a higher percentage of each packet is data, since the amount of header data is fixed, regardless of the packet length.In protocols like TCP, the number of acknowledgments that need to be sent is reduced. This allows the acknowledgment window in the transmitter to be expanded, thereby improving end-toend performance on networks with long round-trip delays.
High-Performance Switch-Routers
Published in James Aweya, Designing Switch/Routers, 2023
The high-density optical interfaces enable network operators to design flexible, cost-effective networks that can grow with application requirements. Designers can mix and match various interface combinations enabling the switch/router to offer both short-range “fiber at the desktop” and “fiber-to-the-home” connectivity. The switch/router can be deployed to deliver connectivity to the desktop, high-density aggregation within the distribution layer, and connectivity for high-performance computing, grid computing, and network-attached storage. Support for Ethernet jumbo frames of up to 9,126 bytes may be included to ensure faster file transfer between high-end servers within the data center and reduce server CPU load.
A Framework for International Collaboration on ITER Using Large-Scale Data Transfer to Enable Near-Real-Time Analysis
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2021
R. M. Churchill, C. S. Chang, J. Choi, R. Wang, S. Klasky, R. Kube, H. Park, M. J. Choi, J. S. Park, M. Wolf, R. Hager, S. Ku, S. Kampel, T. Carroll, K. Silber, E. Dart, B. S. Cho
In addition to the I/O software framework, care must be taken in the setup of the network infrastructure to ensure high-throughput, efficient data streaming. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is expected to be used since it performs better in high-speed networks (100 Gbps) than protocols such as UDP (Ref. 23). Jumbo frames (i.e., larger Ethernet frames, maximum transmission unit = 9000) should be used as they can significantly increase TCP throughput and mitigate issues with packet loss.