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Case Study: Interplanetary Networks
Published in Aloizio Pereira da Silva, Scott Burleigh, Katia Obraczka, Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks, 2019
Aloizio P. Silva, Scott Burleigh
In 2003 the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) became the main sponsor of work on the technical architecture of an Interplanetary Internet. The principal idea was to extend the ongoing work on space communication standardization with new standards for automated Internet-compatible network operations. The term “Interplanetary Internet” is meant to connote the integration of space and terrestrial communication infrastructures to support information flow throughout the Solar System. To this end, the Interplanetary Internet is structured as a “network of internets” where: the traditional internet protocols can be used in planetary surface environments characterized by low delay and relatively low noise;an interplanetary backbone of long-haul wireless links can be used to interconnect the local internets;a new overlay network protocol named “bundle protocol” operates over both the planetary networks and the backbone, enabling end-to-end data flow.
Routing Protocols in Opportunistic Networks – A Survey
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2018
Majeed Alajeely, Robin Doss, Asma'a Ahmad
Space communication is characterized by high-delay, highly error-prone, and intermittent links. NASA and other agencies are planning in the upcoming ages to perform new planets and lunar exploration, etc. Saratoga protocol was originally designed for the transfer of the images of the remote sensors from satellites residing in the low earth orbits. It was designed to cope with challenges of intermittent connectivity and adverse link conditions and was found useful in other applications such as grid computing and delay-tolerant networking [15]. The architecture proposed in [16] was planned to use in deep space communications. The time taken at a speed of light by receiving or transmitting the data from Mars takes about 3.5–20 minutes [17]. In [17], a new deep space Internet was successfully applied using the delay-tolerant or OppNets networking. Packet was kept in case of loss of path without discarding it and thus a message is finally distributed to the destination using store and forwarding techniques. The interplanetary Internet will enable us in the future to perform other space missions such as multiple-landed, mobile, and orbiting spacecrafts easily.