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Seeing through digital image-making technology
Published in Linda Matthews, Design Strategies for Reimagining the City, 2022
The source code of open-source software is free to users and developers alike. Its associated collaborative communities offer development support and mean that future enhancements are not dependent on the decisions of a single organisation. Open-source code enables colour's release from some of the constraining aspects of proprietary software. Many open-source software programs avail themselves of the open-source GNU/Linux code to avoid the numerous image ‘enhancement’ decisions embedded within it. For example, GIMP45 is a freely distributed expandable and extendable program that allows the user to undertake image manipulation at all levels of complexity, including photo retouching, image composition and image authoring. Others, such as Color Blender46 and Pipette,47 operate exclusively to override any default hardware colour choices, allowing the user to access the image's internal colour geometries, thus controlling the predictive assemblies of multiple colour palettes.
A Comparison Study on Copy–Cover Image Forgery Detection
Published in Frank Y. Shih, Multimedia Security, 2017
It was a very difficult task in old times without digital cameras and computers to create a good splicing photograph, which requires sophisticated skill of darkroom masking. Due to rapid advances in powerful image-processing software, digital images are easy to manipulate and modify. This makes it more difficult for humans to check the authenticity of a digital image. Nowadays, modifying the content of digital images becomes much easier with the help of sophisticated software such as Adobe PhotoshopTM. It was reported that there were five million registered users of Adobe Photoshop up to the year 2004 (Hafner, 2004). Image editing software is generally availabel, and some of them are even free, such as GIMPTM (the GNU Image Manipulation Program) and Paint.NetTM (the free image editing and photo manipulation software were designed to be used in computers that run Microsoft WindowsTM). The ease of creating fake digital images with a realistic quality makes us think twice before accepting an image as authentic. For the news photographs and the electronic check clearing systems, image authenticity becomes extremely critical.
A novel mathematical model to measure individuals’ perception of the symmetry level of building facades
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2020
Yusuf Cihat Aydin, Parham A. Mirzaei
A high correlation was found between aesthetic judgments from the photographic images and on-site evaluations reported in previous studies (e.g. (Stamps, 1997)). For development and calibration of the symmetry index, in the 1st survey, efforts were made to minimize the impacts of parameters that may potentially affect participants’ judgement because aesthetic judgement is sensitive to many variables (Aydin et al., 2019). Hence, an open-source image editing program, GIMP 2.1 Software, was utilized to generate eight simplified, fully controlled, and identical photographic images from a common United Kingdom (UK) residential building in which the window configurations were altered (see Figure 3). In the 2nd survey, five different realistic building images from different architectural typologies were employed as illustrated in Figure 4.
Open Source in Development: Enabling Business and Services
Published in Information Systems Management, 2020
Georg J. P. Link, Jolanta Kowal, Sajda Qureshi
While this study has focused on OSS participation in contributions to software development, the outcomes from such OSS can change lives. One inspirational and well-documented case that motivates our investigation was the SchoolNet Namibia that operated in 2000–2009 to empower youth by bringing internet and technology to schools (Jacovkis et al., 2010; Krakowski, 2006). SchoolNet Namibia was a not-for-profit collaboration that used its limited resources to innovate on hardware, open source software, and open educational resources to solve the immediate issues at Namibian schools. Employed open source software included the operating system SUSE Linux, the office suite OpenOffice.org, and the image editing software GIMP. Driven by principles of freedom, equality, diversity, inclusion, and self-determination, SchoolNet Namibia trained volunteer learners and educators within schools to administer the ICT. The newly learned ICT skills made previously unemployable volunteers employable. Additionally, entrepreneurs used innovations from this open source project to establish internet cafés and generated income. Such an internet café would open a school library and its ICT after school hours to the public, sell beverages, let clients surf the internet, and become a place for the community to meet.
Keypoint-based passive method for image manipulation detection
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Choudhary Shyam Prakash, Hari Om, Sushila Maheshkar, Vikas Maheshkar
In today’s scenario, manipulating an image is an easy task due to the availability of sophisticated image editing tools like Photoshop, GIMP (GNU image manipulation program), the NIK collection (offered by Google) and many more software which make image editing easy. Due to this fact relying on any image is hard to believe. Sometimes the perfection of manipulation is very high, so that it cannot be detected by naked eyes. In addition, the images are accepted as the popular source of information, and it plays a vital role when it is presented as the courtroom witness, insurance claims, scientific scams etc. Hence, the authenticity of an image is a big question that can be answered through different image manipulation detection techniques.