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The “System” in UAS
Published in Douglas M. Marshall, R. Kurt Barnhart, Eric Shappee, Michael Most, Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2016
Joshua Brungardt, Richard Kurt Barnhart
Thermal Infrared cameras operate in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (~700 nm–1 mm). IR, or sometimes called FLIR for forward-looking infrared, sensors form an image using IR or heat radiation. Two types of IR cameras used for UAS payloads are cooled and non-cooled. Cooled cameras are often more expensive and heavier than non-cooled cameras. Modern cooled cameras are cooled by a cryo-cooler, which lowers the sensor temperature to cryogenic temperature (below 150°C). These systems can be manufactured to produce images in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) band of the spectrum where the thermal contrast is high. These types of cameras can also be designed to work in the longwave infrared (LWIR) band. A cooled IR camera’s detectors are typically located in a vacuum sealed case and require extra power to cool. In general, cooled cameras produce a higher quality image than uncooled cameras.
Study of Three Different Philosophies to Automatic Target Recognition
Published in Jitendra R. Raol, Ajith K. Gopal, Mobile Intelligent Autonomous Systems, 2016
Vishal C. Ravindra, Venkatesh K. Madyastha, Girija Gopalratnam
Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) senses infrared (IR) radiation and relies on its ability to detect the thermal/heat energy from a target in its field of view and construct an image of the target which can be output as a video image [7]. FLIRs can aid pilots, tank commanders, drivers and so on, especially at night or during hazy/foggy conditions, to steer their vehicles without colliding with obstacles along the way. Furthermore, since FLIRs rely on sensing heat emitted from a target they can be used to detect warm targets against cold backgrounds—a situation quite common during the night. Typically, FLIRs are used for population surveillance, low visibility flying, detection of insulation loss in buildings, detection of leaks of natural gas and/or other gasses, search and rescue operations especially in thickly wooded areas, marshy swamps or water, to name a few.
The “System” in UAS
Published in R. Kurt Barnhart, Douglas M. Marshall, Eric J. Shappee, Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2021
Joshua Brungardt, Kurt Carraway
Thermal IR cameras operate in the IR range of the electromagnetic spectrum (~700–1 mm). These sensors, sometimes called FLIR for “forward-looking infrared,” form an image using IR or heat radiation. The two types of IR cameras used for UAS payloads are cooled and noncooled. Modern cooled cameras are cooled by a cryo-cooler that lowers the sensor, typically located in a vacuum sealed case, to a temperature below 150 °C. These systems can produce images in the mid-wave IR (MWIR) band of the spectrum where the thermal contrast is high, and can also be designed to work in the longwave IR (LWIR) band. Even though cooled cameras produce a higher quality image than uncooled cameras, they are often more expensive and heavier, and require extra power to operate.
An investigation into wayside hot-box detector efficacy and optimization
Published in International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2020
Constantine Tarawneh, James Aranda, Veronica Hernandez, Stephen Crown, Joseph Montalvo
Wayside HBDs use IR technology to scan the outer surface of the bearing cup, which may degrade over time to develop rust or other discolorations caused by environmental factors or simple heat-tinting. Consequently, one concern that needed to be resolved is the effect of this discoloration on the emissivity of the surface of bearings. To this end, 25 bearings with various stages of cup surface degradation, ranging from new bearings to ones that have extensive mileage in service operation and have been exposed to severe environmental factors, were selected for emissivity testing. A forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera was used to capture a thermal image of each bearing. By comparing the thermal image to a reference thermocouple placed on each bearing, the emissivity values of all the bearings were calculated. It was found that the emissivity values of the bearing cup surfaces fell within a small range, with a maximum value of 0.96, a minimum value of 0.86, and a median value of 0.92. The results of this study are indicative of the population of bearings that were analyzed in this paper. Hence, the emissivity for each bearing in this study has been assumed to be that of the median emissivity value of 0.92 [17].
Intelligent System Utilizing HOG and CNN for Thermal Image-Based Detection of Wild Animals in Nocturnal Periods for Vehicle Safety
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Yuvaraj Munian, Antonio Martinez-Molina, Dimitrios Miserlis, Hermilo Hernandez, Miltiadis Alamaniotis
In this research, the iOS device-based Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) thermal camera FLIR ONE Pro is used to acquire the animal image (deer) during nocturnal hours. The FLIR can capture the images between 0 to 35 degrees centigrade operating temperature. The scene dynamic range of the thermal camera is −20 to 120 degrees Centigrade. The file formats are MPEG, and MOV with the lens focus is fixed from 15 cm to infinity. The thermal sensitivity of this pro model is 100mK; both video recording and image capture are possible. The video and still image resolution are four times higher than any FLIR ONE model.
Effect of ambient radiations energy on the thermomagnetism of some insulation materials for space applications
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
Manoj Aravind Sankar, Prasanna Ram, N. G. Renganathan
The property of thermal magnet will be directly affected by the radiations present in the environment. And the light exposure of the particular area so for the experiment purpose, the sunlight exposing mechanism was tried to analyse the changes due to sun’s radiation, which is a natural phenomenon (Brennan, Fedor, and Pausch 1988; Wikipedia). The forward looking infrared (FLIR) image of the study and the three-dimensional infrared (3D-IR) graph depicting the temperature distribution across the surface of the same are as shown in Figure 1(a,b), respectively.