China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Networking: Concepts and Technology
Published in P. S. Neelakanta, ATM Telecommunications, 2018
Fast packet-switching refers to the technology that handles information in packetized form at high speed. The question is then “How much show high?” In the voice transmission point of view, a fast network would accommodate real-time voice connections with acceptable network quality.
A two-phase simulation–optimization cellular automata method for sewer network design optimization
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2020
M. M. Zaheri, R. Ghanbari, M. H. Afshar
Cellular automata (CA) was founded by Neumann and Burks (1966) and Ulam (1960) in the early 1960s as a simulation method. The method has been used for the simulation of complex processes such as image processing and pattern recognition (Sternberg 1980), chemical processing (Packard 1986), atmospheric pollution modelling (Provota and Niocolis 1994), modelling of fish migration in rivers (Schonfisch and Kinder 2002) and many more since then. The flexibility of the method, along with its speed, has motivated many researchers to extend its application from simulation to optimization problems. In the twenty-first century, CA has been widely used as a useful and effective optimization algorithm in various engineering fields. Kita and Toyoda (2000) presented a CA method for shape and topology optimization of continuum structures by dividing the design domain into small square cells and considering the thicknesses of the individual cells as the design variables updated by local rules. ElDessouki, Fathi, and Rouphail (2001) used CA for solving large-scale and complex transportation problems. Shuai and Zhao (2004) presented a new generalized cellular automata (GCA) approach to effectively solve fast packet switching in computer networks, and showed that the GCA approach had advantages over the Hopfield-type neural network (HNN) and cellular neural network (CNN) in terms of the solution quality, optimal ratio, convergence speed, real-time performance, interconnection complexity and parameter selection.
A Survey on Packet Switching Networks
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Another common name of the ATM is cell relay. It works similarly to frame relay. By utilizing modern digital equipment, both the ATM and frame relay allow fast packet switching. The logical links in ATM, like frame relay and X.25, are multiplexed over a single connection. Cells are the fixed-size packets that transit through the logical link. All information to be conveyed in an ATM is packed into a fixed-length unit called a cell. The structure of the cell is shown below in figure 14 [15].